Java 等后端应用如何获取客户端真实IP —

Java 等后端应用如何获取客户端真实IP —— 筑梦之路

news2025/1/13 17:34:44

需求说明

现有一套Java开发的应用，需要能获取到用户访问的真实IP地址，以此来过滤到一些不安全的因素。而实际部署的场景中Java服务提供给用户访问需要经过多次代理，默认情况下是无法获取到客户端真实IP地址的，因此要实现该需求，就得将客户端真实IP地址透传到后端。

访问路径

如何实现

haproxy上配置

# haproxy.cfg
defaults
                mode                    http
                log                     global
                option                  httplog
                option                  dontlognull
                option http-server-close
                log 127.0.0.1 local3
                option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
                option                  redispatch
                retries                 3
                timeout http-request    10s
                timeout queue           1m
                timeout connect         10s
                timeout client          5m
                timeout server          5m
                timeout http-keep-alive 10s
                timeout check           10s
                unique-id-format %{+X}o\ %ci%cp%fi%fp%Ts%rt%pid

frontend https_link_ha
        bind *:443 ssl crt /usr/local/etc/haproxy/cert/crt/ ca-file /usr/local/etc/haproxy/cert/ca/ca.pem verify optional
        #log 127.0.0.1 local3
        mode http
        log-format "%ID %ci:%cp [%tr] %ft %b/%s %TR/%Tw/%Tc/%Tr/%Ta %ST %B %CC %CS %tsc %ac/%fc/%bc/%sc/%rc %sq/%bq %hr %hs %{+Q}r"
        option accept-invalid-http-request
        # 配置请求头
        http-request set-header x-request-id %[unique-id]
        http-request set-header x-request-time %[date()]
        http-request set-header X-Real-IP %[src]

        default_backend pre

backend pre 
    server 1 192.168.100.100:8080 check inter 1500 rise 3 fall 3 weight 3
    server 2 192.168.100.101:9000 check inter 1500 rise 3 fall 3 weight 4
    server 3 192.168.100.102:8090 check inter 1500 rise 3 fall 3 weight 5

其中主要是两个配置：

option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8在由Haproxy发往后端的请求中加上XFF首部，其值是前个客户端的IP。

http-request set-header X-Real-IP %[src]在X-Real-IP中设置客户端IP。

nginx上配置

# nginx.conf 日志格式

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"  "$http_x_forwarded_for" ';

# location 反向代理的配置

proxy_set_header Host      $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

更多参考资料：https://www.cnblogs.com/yanzi2020/p/17471481.html

ingress上配置

默认情况下，Ingress没有开启XFF。

在Ingress上要使用XFF，需要使用到以下三个参数：

use-forwarded-headers：是否开启XFF头传递，默认是false。

forwarded-for-header：XFF的真实header名，默认是X-Forwarded-For。

compute-full-forwarded-for：列出客户端访问所经过的代理IP，默认情况下，XFF是从remote_addr中获取的值。

# 在Nginx Ingress的ConfigMap里增加以下两个配置

use-forwarded-headers: 'true'
compute-full-forwarded-for: 'true'

注意：不是所有的场景都能通过XFF获取到用户的真实IP，比如当SLB前面还有CDN的情况下，获取的可能就是CDN的来源IP

traefik上配置

官方文档：Traefik EntryPoints Documentation - Traefik

命令行方式

--entryPoints.web.address=:80
--entryPoints.web.forwardedHeaders.insecure

# k8s yaml文件示例，仅做参考
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: traefik
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: default
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: traefik
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/name: traefik
    helm.sh/chart: traefik-9.11.0
  name: traefik
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: '505763774'
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 6
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: traefik
      app.kubernetes.io/name: traefik
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: traefik
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/name: traefik
        helm.sh/chart: traefik-9.11.0
    spec:
      containers:
        - args:
            - '--global.checknewversion'
            - '--global.sendanonymoususage'
            - '--entryPoints.traefik.address=:9000/tcp'
            - '--entryPoints.web.address=:8000/tcp'
            - '--entryPoints.websecure.address=:8443/tcp'
            - '--api.dashboard=true'
            - '--ping=true'
            - '--providers.kubernetescrd'
            - '--providers.kubernetesingress'
            - '--entrypoints.web.forwardedHeaders.insecure'
            - '--entrypoints.websecure.forwardedHeaders.insecure'
          image: 'traefik:2.3.3'
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /ping
              port: 9000
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 2
          name: traefik
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9000
              name: traefik
              protocol: TCP
            - containerPort: 8000
              name: web
              protocol: TCP
            - containerPort: 8443
              name: websecure
              protocol: TCP
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 1
            httpGet:
              path: /ping
              port: 9000
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 2
          resources: {}
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsGroup: 65532
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65532
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /data
              name: data
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 65532
      serviceAccount: traefik
      serviceAccountName: traefik
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      volumes:
        - emptyDir: {}
          name: data
        - emptyDir: {}
          name: tmp
status:
  availableReplicas: 6
  conditions:
    - lastTransitionTime: '2022-10-10T07:58:50Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2022-10-10T07:58:50Z'
      message: Deployment has minimum availability.
      reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
      status: 'True'
      type: Available
    - lastTransitionTime: '2020-11-25T22:53:59Z'
      lastUpdateTime: '2022-11-17T10:44:40Z'
      message: ReplicaSet "traefik-54bf67c74d" has successfully progressed.
      reason: NewReplicaSetAvailable
      status: 'True'
      type: Progressing
  observedGeneration: 13
  readyReplicas: 6
  replicas: 6
  updatedReplicas: 6
 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: traefik
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: default
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: traefik
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/name: traefik
    helm.sh/chart: traefik-9.11.0
  name: traefik
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: '505762379'
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.96.252.109
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ports:
    - name: web
      nodePort: 30079
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: web
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: traefik
    app.kubernetes.io/name: traefik
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}