from lxml import etree

# XML文档内容
xml_data = '''
<root>
  <element attribute="value1">Text 1</element>
  <element attribute="value2">Text 2</element>
  <element attribute="value3">Text 3</element>
</root>
'''

etree = etree.fromstring(xml_data)

etree = etree.HTML(html_data)
['Text 1']

etree.xpath('//element[@attribute="value1"]/text()')


etree.xpath('//element/text()')[0]

etree.xpath('./element/text()')[0]

etree.xpath('/root/element/text()')[0]

etree.xpath('/root/element[1]/text()')   # 注意解析特殊：索引从1开始，不是0

etree.xpath('/root/element[position()=1]/text()')


etree.xpath('/root/element[position()=1]/..')[0].tag           # 当前element 的父节点为'root'

# ************* 不能这么写，直接从值进行定位，eg://element[text()="Text 3"]  *****************
etree.xpath('//element[text()="Text 3"]/..')[0].tag  # 选择具有文本内容为 "Text 3" 的父节点


etree.xpath('/root/element[position()=1]/text()/..')[0].tag   # 当前文本 的父节点为'element'

# 假设要获取所有文本，就不用多说了吧：

etree.xpath('//element/text()')
etree.xpath('./element/text()')
etree.xpath('/root/element/text()')

['Text 1', 'Text 2', 'Text 3']