题目要求:根据哈夫曼编码的原理,编写一个程序,在用户输入结点权值的基础上求赫夫曼编码,并能把给定的编码进行译码。
(1)初始化:从键盘输入一字符串(或读入一文件),统计出现的字符和每个字符出现的频率,将字符出现的频率作为结点的权值,建立哈夫曼树。对各个字符进行哈夫曼编码,最后打印输出字符及每个字符对应的哈夫曼编码。
(2)编码:利用已建好的哈夫曼树对“输入串”进行哈夫曼编码,最后打印输入串对应的哈夫曼编码(写入文件)。
(3)译码:利用已建好的哈夫曼树对给定的一串代码进行译码,并打印输出得到的字符串。(选作)
#include<iostream>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
map<char, int> mp;
typedef struct node
{
int data=0;
char name;
}node;
node sum[100];
typedef struct Ht
{
int w;
char name;
string code;
int parent, lchild, rchild;
}Ht,*Htree;
int flag[100] = { 0 };
void Select(Htree& ht, int n, int& s1, int& s2)
{
int min1 = 999, min2 = 999;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)//查找权值第一小的点
{
if (flag[i] == 0 && (ht[i].w < min1))
{
min1 = ht[i].w;
s1 = i;
ht[i].code = "0";//小的在左
}
}
flag[s1] = 1;//标记该点移出
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)//查找权值第二小的点
{
if (flag[i] == 0 && (ht[i].w < min2))
{
min2 = ht[i].w;
s2 = i;
ht[i].code = "1";//大的在右
}
}
flag[s2] = 1;//标记该点移出
}
void Inithtree(Htree& ht, int n)//初始化
{
if (n <= 1) return;
int m = 2 * n - 1;
ht = new Ht[m + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)//将1到m点中的父亲、左孩子、右孩子下标都初始为0
{
ht[i].name = sum[i].name;
ht[i].parent = 0, ht[i].lchild = 0, ht[i].rchild = 0;
ht[i].w = sum[i].data;
}
}
void Createtree(Htree& ht, int n)
{
int s1, s2;
for (int i = n + 1; i <= 2 * n - 1; i++)//循环n-1次,建树
{
Select(ht, i - 1, s1, s2);//查找两个父亲为0且权值最小的点,并返回序号s1、s2
ht[s1].parent = i, ht[s2].parent = i;//s1、s2父亲改为i
ht[i].lchild = s1, ht[i].rchild = s2;//s1、s2分别作为i的左右孩子
ht[i].w = ht[s1].w + ht[s2].w;//i的权值为左右孩子权值之和
}
}
void Printtree(Htree& ht, int n)//打印
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 2 * n - 1; i++)
cout << ht[i].name << " " << ht[i].w << " " << ht[i].parent << " " << ht[i].lchild << " " << ht[i].rchild << endl;
}
void bianma(Htree& ht, int n)//编码
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
int parent = ht[i].parent;//获取该点父亲
while (parent != 0)//不到根节点
{
ht[i].code = ht[parent].code + ht[i].code;//编码等于父亲加上自身
parent = ht[parent].parent;//找父亲的父亲
}
}
}
int main()
{
Htree h;
string str;
cin >> str;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
{
mp[str[i]]++;
}
int k = 1;
int n = mp.size();//字符种类
for (auto i : mp)
{
sum[k].name = i.first;
sum[k++].data = i.second;
}
Inithtree(h, n);
Createtree(h, n);
//Printtree(h, n);
bianma(h, n);
cout << "编码:" << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)//输出各字符的编码
cout << h[i].name << ": " << h[i].code << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)//字符串转为编码
{
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
if (str[i] == h[j].name)
{
cout << h[j].code << " ";
break;
}
}
}
cout << endl;
string str1;
string str2[100];
int d = 0;
cout << "译码:" << endl;
cin >> str1;
for (int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++)
{
str2[d] += str1[i];
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
if (str2[d] == h[j].code)
{
cout << h[j].name;
d++;
break;
}
}
}
}