学习并记录一下如何用docker部署MySQL

1. 在Docker中搜索并下载MySQL8.0.x的最新版本
   
2. 下载好后，在Images中就可以看到MySQL的镜像了
   
   通过下面的命令也可以查看

   docker images
   

   
3. 启动镜像，使用下面的命令就可以启动镜像了

   docker run -itd --name mysql8.0.34 -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql:8.0.34
   

   解释：
   1. -i ：即使没有连接，也要保持标准输入保持打开状态，一般与 -t 连用
   2. -t：分配一个伪tty，一般与 -i 连用
   3. -d：在后台运行容器，并且打印容器id
   4. –name：镜像名称
   5. -p：端口映射，容器内端口3306映射到容器外的3306上
   6. –privileged：为容器提供权限
   7. -e：设置镜像参数
      1. MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD：设置root用户的密码
4. 此时，在容器内部已经初始化好了MySQL了，但是一般来说，我们需要把MySQL的配置文件和datadir挂在到docker外部，所以我们还需要后面的步骤
5. 创建config和data目录

   mkdir -p /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/{config,data}
   

6. 切换到config目录

   cd /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/config
   

7. 把config文件从镜像内部复制出来

   docker cp mysql8.0.34:/etc/my.cnf ./
   

8. 确认config文件cat my.cnf

   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   
   [mysqld]
   #
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   #
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   #
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
   
   # Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
   # this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
   # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
   # default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
   skip-host-cache
   skip-name-resolve
   datadir=/var/lib/mysql
   socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
   secure-file-priv=/var/lib/mysql-files
   user=mysql
   # 忽略表名大小写
   lower_case_table_names=1
   
   pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
   [client]
   socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
   
   !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
   

9. 停掉并删除之前启动的MySQL镜像

   docker stop mysql8.0.34
   docker rm mysql8.0.34
   

10. 重启MySQL

    docker run -itd --name mysql8.0.34 -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true --restart=always -v /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /Users/xxx/docker/data/mysql8.0.34/config/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql:8.0.34
    

11. 使用连接工具测试MySQL