Canal 实现MySQL与Elasticsearch7数据同步

news2025/2/24 2:11:17

1 工作原理

canal 模拟 MySQL slave 的交互协议，伪装自己为 MySQL slave ，向 MySQL master 发送 dump协议
MySQL master 收到 dump 请求，开始推送 binary log 给 slave (即 canal )
canal 解析 binary log 对象(原始为 byte 流)

优点：可以完全和业务代码解耦，增量日志订阅。

缺点：实时性不高，订阅mysql日志，DB中数据事务成功后，开始同步至canal。

2 canal实现MySQL与Elasticsearch7数据同步

下面介绍下利用canal ，canal adapter实现MySQL与ES7数据同步

2.1 Mysql配置修改

在MySQL中需要创建一个用户，并授权：

-- 使用命令登录：mysql -u root -p 
-- 创建用户 用户名：canal  
create user 'canal'@'%' identified by 'canal'; 
-- 授权 .表示所有库 
grant SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT on . to 'canal'@'%' identified by 'canal';

下一步在MySQL配置文件my.cnf设置如下信息：

[mysqld] 
# 开启binlog 
log-bin=mysql-bin 
# 选择ROW(行)模式 
binlog-format=ROW 
# 配置MySQL replaction需要定义，不要和canal的slaveId重复 
server_id=1

改了配置文件之后，重启MySQL

2.2 下载Canal

下载最新的cana1.1.5并解压，1.1.5 才支持Elasticsearch7
下载地址:
canal.adapter-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz(适配器)
canal.deployer-1.1.5-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz(服务端)
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canal.adapter为适配端,canal.deployer为服务端

2.3 启动Canal服务端

2.3.1 修改数据库配置

进入conf/example目录下，修改instance.properties为数据库配置
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2.3.2 启动服务端

进入bin目录，双击starup.bat启动，出现下面界面，表明启动成功
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服务端启动成功，接下来进入客户端测试

2.4 启动Canal客户端

2.4.1 修改配置

进入adapter目录，修改application.yml
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yml内容：

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  jackson:
    date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    time-zone: GMT+8
    default-property-inclusion: non_null

canal.conf:
  mode: rocketMQ #tcp kafka rocketMQ rabbitMQ
  flatMessage: true
  zookeeperHosts:
  syncBatchSize: 1000
  retries: 0
  timeout:
  accessKey:
  secretKey:
  consumerProperties:
    # canal tcp consumer
    canal.tcp.server.host: 127.0.0.1:11111
    canal.tcp.zookeeper.hosts:
    canal.tcp.batch.size: 500
    canal.tcp.username:
    canal.tcp.password:
    # kafka consumer
    kafka.bootstrap.servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
    kafka.enable.auto.commit: false
    kafka.auto.commit.interval.ms: 1000
    kafka.auto.offset.reset: latest
    kafka.request.timeout.ms: 40000
    kafka.session.timeout.ms: 30000
    kafka.isolation.level: read_committed
    kafka.max.poll.records: 1000
    # rocketMQ consumer
    rocketmq.namespace:
    rocketmq.namesrv.addr: 127.0.0.1:9876
    rocketmq.batch.size: 1000
    rocketmq.enable.message.trace: false
    rocketmq.customized.trace.topic:
    rocketmq.access.channel:
    rocketmq.subscribe.filter:
    # rabbitMQ consumer
    rabbitmq.host:
    rabbitmq.virtual.host:
    rabbitmq.username:
    rabbitmq.password:
    rabbitmq.resource.ownerId:

#  srcDataSources:
#    defaultDS:
#      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true
#      username: root
#      password: 121212
  canalAdapters:
  - instance: example # canal instance Name or mq topic name
    groups:
    - groupId: g1
      outerAdapters:
      - name: logger
#      - name: rdb
#        key: mysql1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest2?useUnicode=true
#          jdbc.username: root
#          jdbc.password: 121212
#      - name: rdb
#        key: oracle1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:49161:XE
#          jdbc.username: mytest
#          jdbc.password: m121212
#      - name: rdb
#        key: postgres1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: org.postgresql.Driver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
#          jdbc.username: postgres
#          jdbc.password: 121212
#          threads: 1
#          commitSize: 3000
#      - name: hbase
#        properties:
#          hbase.zookeeper.quorum: 127.0.0.1
#          hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort: 2181
#          zookeeper.znode.parent: /hbase
#      - name: es
#        hosts: 127.0.0.1:9300 # 127.0.0.1:9200 for rest mode
#        properties:
#          mode: transport # or rest
#          # security.auth: test:123456 #  only used for rest mode
#          cluster.name: elasticsearch
#        - name: kudu
#          key: kudu
#          properties:
#            kudu.master.address: 127.0.0.1 # ',' split multi address

2.4.2 创建索引，根据同步sql数据至Elasticsearch中

调用http://127.0.0.1:9200/product(PUT请求)创建索引,product为索引名字

{
  "mappings" : {
    "properties" : {
      "attrs" : {
        "type" : "nested",
        "properties" : {
          "attrId" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "attrName" : {
            "type" : "keyword"
          },
          "attrValueId" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "attrValueName" : {
            "type" : "keyword"
          }
        }
      },
      "tags" : {
        "type" : "nested",
        "properties" : {
          "tagId" : {
            "type" : "long"
          },
          "seq" : {
            "type" : "integer"
          }
        }
      },
      "brandId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "brandImg" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "brandName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "code" : {
        "type" : "text",
        "fields" : {
          "keyword" : {
            "type" : "keyword",
            "ignore_above" : 256
          }
        }
      },
      "commentNum" : {
        "type" : "integer"
      },
      "createTime" : {
        "type" : "date"
      },
      "hasStock" : {
        "type" : "boolean"
      },
      "imgUrls" : {
        "type" : "keyword",
        "index" : false,
        "doc_values" : false
      },
      "mainImgUrl" : {
        "type" : "text",
        "fields" : {
          "keyword" : {
            "type" : "keyword",
            "ignore_above" : 256
          }
        }
      },
      "marketPriceFee" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "priceFee" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "saleNum" : {
        "type" : "integer"
      },
      "sellingPoint" : {
        "type" : "text",
        "analyzer" : "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer" : "ik_smart"
      },
      "shopId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "shopImg" : {
        "type" : "keyword",
        "index" : false,
        "doc_values" : false
      },
      "shopName" : {
        "type" : "text",
        "analyzer" : "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer" : "ik_smart"
      },
      "shopType" : {
        "type" : "integer"
      },
      "shopPrimaryCategoryId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "shopPrimaryCategoryName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "shopSecondaryCategoryId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "shopSecondaryCategoryName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "primaryCategoryId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "primaryCategoryName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "secondaryCategoryId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "secondaryCategoryName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "categoryId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "categoryName" : {
        "type" : "keyword"
      },
      "spuId" : {
        "type" : "long"
      },
      "spuName" : {
        "type" : "text",
        "analyzer" : "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer" : "ik_smart"
      },
      "spuStatus" : {
        "type" : "integer"
      },
      "success" : {
        "type" : "boolean"
      }
    }
  }
}