世间多少痴儿女，情到深处无怨尤

编写一个程序，通过填充空格来解决数独问题。

数独的解法需 遵循如下规则：

1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。（请参考示例图）

数独部分空格内已填入了数字，空白格用 '.' 表示。

示例 1：

输入：board = [["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：[["5","3","4","6","7","8","9","1","2"],["6","7","2","1","9","5","3","4","8"],["1","9","8","3","4","2","5","6","7"],["8","5","9","7","6","1","4","2","3"],["4","2","6","8","5","3","7","9","1"],["7","1","3","9","2","4","8","5","6"],["9","6","1","5","3","7","2","8","4"],["2","8","7","4","1","9","6","3","5"],["3","4","5","2","8","6","1","7","9"]]
解释：输入的数独如上图所示，唯一有效的解决方案如下所示：

提示：

• board.length == 9
• board[i].length == 9
• board[i][j] 是一位数字或者 '.'
• 题目数据 保证 输入数独仅有一个解

通过次数

220.8K

提交次数

326.6K

通过率

67.6%

 

public class SudokuSolver {
    public void solveSudoku(char[][] board) {
        solve(board);
    }

    private boolean solve(char[][] board) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
                if (board[i][j] == '.') {
                    for (char num = '1'; num <= '9'; num++) {
                        if (isValid(board, i, j, num)) {
                            board[i][j] = num;
                            if (solve(board)) {
                                return true;
                            } else {
                                board[i][j] = '.'; // Backtrack
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return false; // No valid number found
                }
            }
        }
        return true; // All cells filled
    }

    private boolean isValid(char[][] board, int row, int col, char num) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            if (board[row][i] == num || board[i][col] == num || board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] == num) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        char[][] board = {
            {'5','3','.','.','7','.','.','.','.'},
            {'6','.','.','1','9','5','.','.','.'},
            {'.','9','8','.','.','.','.','6','.'},
            {'8','.','.','.','6','.','.','.','3'},
            {'4','.','.','8','.','3','.','.','1'},
            {'7','.','.','.','2','.','.','.','6'},
            {'.','6','.','.','.','.','2','8','.'},
            {'.','.','.','4','1','9','.','.','5'},
            {'.','.','.','.','8','.','.','7','9'}
        };

        SudokuSolver solver = new SudokuSolver();
        solver.solveSudoku(board);

        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
                System.out.print(board[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}