文章目录
- 一、项目模拟
- 1. 项目环境
- 2. 服务器环境
- 3. 任务需求
- 二、Linux 系统基础镜像
- 三、Nginx
- 1. 建立工作目录
- 2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本
- 3. 准备 nginx.conf 配置文件
- 4. 生成镜像
- 5. 创建自定义网络
- 6. 启动镜像容器
- 7. 验证 nginx
- 三、Mysql
- 1. 建立工作目录
- 2. 编写 Dockerfile
- 3. 准备 my.cnf 文件
- 4. 生成镜像
- 5. 启动镜像容器
- 6. 验证 mysql
- 四、Php
- 1. 建立工作目录
- 2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本
- 3. 准备 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件
- 3.1 php.ini
- 3.2 php-fpm.conf
- 3.3 www.conf
- 4. 生成镜像
- 5. 启动镜像容器
- 6. 验证 php
- 五、启动 wordpress 服务
- 1. mysql 授权
- 2. 浏览器访问测试
- 总结
一、项目模拟
1. 项目环境
公司在实际的生产环境中，需要使用 Docker 技术在一台主机上创建 LNMP 服务并运行 Wordpress 网站平台。然后对此服务进行相关的性能调优和管理工作。
所有安装包下载：
wget http://101.34.22.188/lnmp_wordpress/mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
wget http://101.34.22.188/lnmp_wordpress/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
wget http://101.34.22.188/lnmp_wordpress/php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
wget http://101.34.22.188/lnmp_wordpress/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
> 或者
wget -r -np http://101.34.22.188/lnmp_wordpress/
2. 服务器环境
| 容器 | 操作系统 | IP地址 | 主要软件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| nginx | CentOS 7.9 x86_64 | 172.20.0.10 | Docker-Nginx |
| mysql | Centos 7.9 x86_64 | 172.20.0.20 | Docker-Mysql |
| php | Centos 7.9 x86_64 | 172.20.0.30 | Docker-php |
3. 任务需求
（1）使用 Docker 构建 LNMP 环境并运行 Wordpress 网站平台。
（2）限制 Nginx 容器最多使用 500MB 的内存和 1G 的 Swap。
（3）限制 Mysql 容器写 /dev/sda 的速率为 10 MB/s。
（4）将所有容器进行快照，然后将 Docker 镜像打包成 tar 包备份到本地。
二、Linux 系统基础镜像
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos:7
#从公有仓库中下载 centos7 作为系统基础镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB
三、Nginx
1. 建立工作目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
#上传 nginx 安装包 nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@docker nginx]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
#上传 wordpress 服务包 wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本
[root@localhost nginx]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <lnmp>
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module;make -j 4 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html
RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/nginx/html/" ]
CMD [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;" ]
3. 准备 nginx.conf 配置文件
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
Dockerfile nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz nginx.conf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@localhost nginx]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.php;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.20.0.30:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
4. 生成镜像
[root@localhost nginx]# docker build -t nginx:lnmp .
[root@localhost opt]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx lnmp 75e7f79716f9 About a minute ago 598MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 23 months ago 204MB
5. 创建自定义网络
[root@localhost opt]# docker network create --subnet=172.20.0.0/16 --opt "com.docker.network.bridge.name"="docker1" mynetwork
38cc84c3a75271eb21606134c5e800f926a4848942c1bcab95f8b904f725d056
[root@localhost opt]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
8a8a1c1be934 bridge bridge local
fe322e887e76 host host local
38cc84c3a752 mynetwork bridge local
b7aebed13475 none null local
[root@localhost opt]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:7dff:fe9e:755b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:7d:9e:75:5b txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 18511 bytes 753089 (735.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 19159 bytes 183308403 (174.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
docker1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.20.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.20.2
6. 启动镜像容器
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -m 500m --memory-swap 1g --net mynetwork --ip 172.20.0.10 nginx:lnmp
d757572aa5869d967ab02988f70881d62ba409c731ab8417658aa1d46e662b43
[root@localhost nginx]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24cbedd7982b nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
······
[root@localhost nginx]# docker inspect nginx
"Networks": {
"mynetwork": {
"IPAMConfig": {
"IPv4Address": "172.20.0.10"
7. 验证 nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# curl http://192.168.10.23:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
三、Mysql
1. 建立工作目录
[root@localhost nginx]# mkdir /opt/mysql
[root@localhost nginx]# cd /opt/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
#传入mysql安装包mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
2. 编写 Dockerfile
[root@localhost mysql]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp>
RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j4;make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
EXPOSE 3306
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
RUN ./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
3. 准备 my.cnf 文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
4. 生成镜像
[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:lnmp .
[root@localhost mysql]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql lnmp 38643f763f7f About a minute ago 10.1GB
nginx lnmp 75e7f79716f9 38 minutes ago 598MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 23 months ago 204MB
5. 启动镜像容器
[root@localhost mysql]# docker run --name=mysql -d --privileged --device-write-bps /dev/sda:10M -v /usr/local/mysql --net mynetwork --ip 172.20.0.20 mysql:lnmp
0a4ad94e00e8583c9f3385e7b024f89a0536aaef2989a2513d50086a5a130e36
[root@localhost mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a4ad94e00e8 mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 21 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 3306/tcp mysql
d757572aa586 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
6. 验证 mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# docker exec -it mysql bash
[root@0a4ad94e00e8 bin]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: activating (start) since Sun 2023-08-20 10:07:51 UTC; 1min 40s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 75 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 53 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /docker/0a4ad94e00e8583c9f3385e7b024f89a0536aaef2989a2513d50086a5a130e36/system.slice/mysqld.service
└─84 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid...
四、Php
1. 建立工作目录
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir ../php
[root@localhost mysql]# cd ../php/
[root@localhost php]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
#传入php安装包php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
2. 编写 Dockerfile 脚本
[root@localhost php]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp>
RUN yum install -y gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000
CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F
3. 准备 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件
3.1 php.ini
该配置文件模板位于安装目录的 php-7.1.10/php.ini-development 位置
[root@localhost php]# vim php.ini
#939行,取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
#1170行,修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" php.ini | egrep -v "^$"
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On
display_startup_errors = On
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
default_charset = "UTF-8"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = 1
[COM]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]
[opcache]
[curl]
[openssl]
3.2 php-fpm.conf
该配置文件位于 /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default
[root@localhost php]# vim php-fpm.conf
#17行，删除注释符号“;”
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" php-fpm.conf | egrep -v "^$"
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
3.3 www.conf
该配置文件位于 usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default
[root@localhost php]# vim www.conf
#23、24行，修改用户和组
user = nginx
group = nginx
#36行，修改监听IP和端口为容器IP:9000端口
listen = 172.20.0.30:9000
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" www.conf | egrep -v "^$"
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 172.20.0.30:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
4. 生成镜像
[root@localhost php]# docker build -t php:lnmp .
[root@localhost php]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
php lnmp 7724c46010cf 35 seconds ago 1.35GB
mysql lnmp 38643f763f7f 18 minutes ago 10.1GB
nginx lnmp 75e7f79716f9 55 minutes ago 598MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 23 months ago 204MB
5. 启动镜像容器
[root@localhost php]# docker run -itd --name php --net mynetwork --ip 172.20.0.30 -p 9000:9000 --volumes-from nginx --volumes-from mysql php:lnmp
c2c44fc8ef7481810a888b069d58689da56b9971386da132fdb26742327cb76d
[root@localhost php]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c2c44fc8ef74 php:lnmp "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp php
0a4ad94e00e8 mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 3306/tcp mysql
d757572aa586 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 54 minutes ago Up 54 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx
6. 验证 php
[root@localhost php]# docker exec -it php bash
[root@c2c44fc8ef74 php-7.1.10]# ps -aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 113028 7520 pts/0 Ss+ 10:26 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 7 0.0 0.0 113028 3772 pts/0 S+ 10:26 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx 8 0.0 0.0 113028 3772 pts/0 S+ 10:26 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 9 0.0 0.0 11828 1884 pts/1 Ss 10:26 0:00 bash
root 23 0.0 0.0 51732 1728 pts/1 R+ 10:26 0:00 ps -aux
五、启动 wordpress 服务
1. mysql 授权
进入 mysql 容器
[root@localhost nginx]# docker exec -it mysql bash
[root@0a4ad94e00e8 bin]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
#初始密码为空
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2. 浏览器访问测试
访问 http://192.168.40.105/wordpress/index.php
输入用户名和密码
现在安装
设置用户名和密码
点击 登录/登录成功
进入论坛http://192.168.40.105/wordpress/wp-admin/index.php
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