Appium 2安装与使用java对Android进行自动化测试

文章目录

- 1、Appium 2.1安装
- - 1.1、系统要求
  - 1.2、安装Appium2.1服务
  - 1.3、安装UiAutomator2驱动
  - 1.4、安装Android SDK platform tools
  - 1.5、下载OpenJDK
- 2、Android自动代码例子
- - 2.1、安装Android自动化测试元素定位工具Appium Inspector
  - 2.2、编写android app自动化测试代码和使用extentreports生成测试报告

1、Appium 2.1安装

1.1、系统要求

当前Appium2.1服务器的要求:

支持macOS、Linux或Windows操作系统
Node.js版本要求^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 | >=18.0.0
NPM版本>= 8 (NPM通常与Node.js捆绑在一起，但可以独立升级)

系统要求：http://appium.io/docs/en/2.1/intro/requirements/

1.2、安装Appium2.1服务

下载nodejs：https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/download/releases
本文下载：node-v18.17.1-win-x64.zip
解压在D:\Program Files\nodejs\node-v18.17.1-win-x64目录
在PATH环境变量中添加

D:\Program Files\nodejs\node-v18.17.1-win-x64

npm默认使用国外源，网络原因容易出现安装依赖失败，本文设置npm为国内源

npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

运行NPM命令安装Appium，参考官方安装http://appium.io/docs/en/2.1/quickstart/install/

npm i --location=global appium

图片

安装成功后，输入下边命令可以直接启动服务

appium

在这里插入图片描述

1.3、安装UiAutomator2驱动

查看当前可用驱动appium driver list

C:\Users\admin>appium driver list
✔ Listing available drivers
- uiautomator2 [not installed]
- xcuitest [not installed]
- mac2 [not installed]
- espresso [not installed]
- safari [not installed]
- gecko [not installed]
- chromium [not installed]

uiautomator2 用于android自动化测试
xcuitest 用于ios自动化测试
本文只研究android测试，输入下边命令安装

appium driver install uiautomator2

在这里插入图片描述

官方参考：http://appium.io/docs/en/2.1/quickstart/uiauto2-driver/

1.4、安装Android SDK platform tools

下载Android SDK platform tools：Android SDK platform tools
解压目录：D:\ProgramData\android\sdk\platform-tools
在PATH环境变量中添加

D:\ProgramData\android\sdk\platform-tools

如果使用真机测试，只安装platform tools就可以了，如果使用模拟器，需要安装完整在sdk，可以下载Android Studio：https://developer.android.google.cn/studio，使用Android Studio里面的管理SDK工具管理相关SDK和工具。
在这里插入图片描述

1.5、下载OpenJDK

下载OpenJDK:https://21doc.net/java/awesomejava#jvm-and-jdk
当前版本支持JDK11，本文使用bellsoft-jdk11.0.20+8-windows-amd64.zip,下载地址：https://bell-sw.com/pages/downloads/

下载后解压在：C:\Program Files\Java\bellsoft\jdk-11.0.20
在PATH环境变量中添加

C:\Progra~1\Java\bellsoft\jdk-11.0.20\bin

2、Android自动代码例子

2.1、安装Android自动化测试元素定位工具Appium Inspector

Appium Inspector官网:https://github.com/appium/appium-inspector
官方介绍Appium Inspector基本上只是一个带有用户界面的Appium客户端(如WebdriverIO、Appium的Java客户端、Appium的Python客户端等)。有一个接口用于指定使用哪个Appium服务器、设置哪些功能，然后在启动会话后与元素和其他Appium命令进行交互。
在1.22版本后appium-deskop不集成Appium Inspector，所以Appium Inspector需要单独打开。
Appium Inspector支持web和客户端版本。

web版本
web版本可以直接访问：https://inspector.appiumpro.com/使用。
客户端版本
下载地址：https://github.com/appium/appium-inspector/releases

点击“启动会话”，就可以打开APP，进行元素定位
在这里插入图片描述

参数配置可查看：https://appium.io/docs/en/2.1/guides/caps/

** 启动会话可能会出现下边的错误提示**

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Response code 500. Message: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Check https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/i-cant-enable-write_secure_settings-for-an-app-over-adb.3855596/ for throubleshooting. Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command 'D:\\ProgramData\\android\\sdk\\platform-tools\\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 972cac1 shell 'settings delete global hidden_api_policy_pre_p_apps;settings delete global hidden_api_policy_p_apps;settings delete global hidden_api_policy'' exited with code 255'; Command output: Security exception: Permission denial: writing to settings requires:android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS

解决办法

小米设备：开启 USB调试（安全设置）
(1) 手机-插入 sim卡
(2) 设置 - 更多设置 - 开发者选项 - USB调试（安全设置）- 开启
OPPO设备：开启禁止权限监控
开发者选项 - 禁止权限监控 - 开启

2.2、编写android app自动化测试代码和使用extentreports生成测试报告

使用appium的java-client库(https://github.com/appium/java-client)编写android app自动化测试代码，并使用extentreports生成测试报告
maven工程，pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.penngo.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>monitor_app</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <log4j2.version>2.17.2</log4j2.version>
        <slf4j_simple.version>1.7.36</slf4j_simple.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.24</lombok.version>
        <testng.version>7.4.0</testng.version>
        <hutool.version>5.8.3</hutool.version>
        <extentreports-testng-adapter.version>1.2.3</extentreports-testng-adapter.version>
        <extentreports.version>5.0.9</extentreports.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.appium</groupId>
            <artifactId>java-client</artifactId>
            <version>8.5.1</version>
<!--            <scope>test</scope>-->
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>4.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>${testng.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
            <artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
            <version>${extentreports.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
            <artifactId>extentreports-testng-adapter</artifactId>
            <version>${extentreports-testng-adapter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j_simple.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>${hutool.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>alimaven</id>
            <name>Maven Aliyun Mirror</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
                <target>${maven.compiler.source}</target>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.22.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <skip>true</skip>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

测试用例java代码

import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.testng.listener.ExtentIReporterSuiteClassListenerAdapter;
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.android.Activity;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Listeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 例子
 * https://github.com/appium/java-client/blob/master/src/test/java/io/appium/java_client/android/AndroidTouchTest.java
 */
@Listeners(ExtentIReporterSuiteClassListenerAdapter.class)
@Slf4j
@Test(description="APP测试", priority = 1)
public class AppTest {
    public static final String APP_ID = "com.penngo.xxx";
    protected static final int PORT = 4723;
    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;
    private static AppiumDriverLocalService service;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUpAll(){
        service = new AppiumServiceBuilder()
                .withIPAddress("127.0.0.1")
                .usingPort(PORT)
                .build();
        service.start();
        UiAutomator2Options options = new UiAutomator2Options()
                .setDeviceName("972cac1")
                .setAppPackage(APP_ID)
                .setAppActivity("com.penngo.xxx.activity.MainActivity")
                ;
        driver = new AndroidDriver(service.getUrl(), options);
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void tearDownAll(){
        if(driver != null){
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
    /**
     * app首页
     */
    @Test(description="APP首页", priority = 1)
    public void testHome() {
        String activity = driver.currentActivity();
        Assert.assertEquals(activity, ".activity.MainActivity");


    }

    /**
     * app 我首页
     */
    @Test(description="关于", priority = 2)
    public void testMe() {
        String activity = driver.currentActivity();
        // 获取底部5个选项
        WebElement navTabIndicator = driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.penngo.xxx:id/NavTabIndicator"));
        List<WebElement> list = navTabIndicator.findElements(AppiumBy.className("android.widget.TextView"));
        System.out.println("list.size====="+ list.size());
        HashSet tabs = new HashSet();

        WebElement myElement = null;
        for(WebElement el:list){
            String text = el.getAttribute("text");
            if(text.equals("关于")){
                myElement = el;
            }
        }
        // 切换到关于选项卡
        myElement.click();
        new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(AppiumBy.id("com.penngo.xxx:id/setting_fragment")));

        // 切换到设置
        WebElement setting = driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.penngo.xxx:id/setting_fragment"));
        setting.click();

        new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)).until(d->{
            AndroidDriver driver2 = (AndroidDriver)d;
            String currentActive = driver2.currentActivity();
            if(!currentActive.equals(activity)){
                log.info("设置====" + activity);
                return currentActive;
            }
            else{
                return null;
            }
        });
        System.out.println("设置 Activity====" + driver.currentActivity());
        log.info("设置 Activity====" + driver.currentActivity());
        // 截图
        File screenShotFile = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
        System.out.println("screenShotFile====" + screenShotFile);

        FileUtil.copy(screenShotFile.getAbsolutePath(), new File("logs/setting.png").getAbsolutePath(), true);
    }

}