前文

本文将用tkinter模块来写一个图书管理系统，将用户分为管理员和普通用户，用户都有首页，首页展示天气预报并有公告栏。管理员有权限对用户、图书进行添加、修改、删除等操作。普通用户只有搜索图书的功能。本文几乎涉tkinter的所有组件，适合新手练习tkinter，欢迎大家的订阅。

运行环境

编译器:PyCharm 2021.2.1
解释器:Anaconda 3.8
pip install opencv-python==4.5.5.64
温馨提示，最好是在本文所要求环境运行，避免程序可能出现报错。

功能图

数据操作

数据操作是对数据进行操作，如增删改查，用户在界面上的操作实际就是对数据的操作，只不过用户看到的是界面，只需点点就行了，操作更方便，更容易，因为我们都把功能写好了。

图书数据管理

Book类有7个方法，分别为query_book()、add_book()、del_book()、 mod_book()、write_book()、read_book()，first_add_book()。
query_book()为查询图书，我们只需要把书的id、书名或者作者作为搜索条件，将返回列表，如果没有数据则返回空列表。 首先我们先获取所有列表的索引，然后根据字典取值，判断他们是否相等，如果相等则添加到列表中，否则就不添加。
add_book()，添加图书，首先调用query_book()函数，传入id，判断图书是否在书库里，如果存在返回False，不存在返回True，表示可以添加。
del_book()，根据传入的书名，查找图书，找到了就删除，没有则不作为。
mod_book()，修改图书，和add_book()类似，也是先查找，找到图书，根据传入的参数，对图书进行修改。
write_book()，写入文件，将self.books写入文件并保存到本地。
read_book()，读取所有的图书。
first_add_book()，第一次运行没有图书，将自动添加图书并创建文件夹保存，数据格式为json。

import json
import os

'''
数据格式
[{
'id':'', 'title':'', 'author':'', 'classify':'', 'inventory':'', 'content':'' }]
'''


class Book:
    def __init__(self):
        self.first_add_book()
        self.read_book()

    # 查询
    def query_book(self, search):
        all_book_list = []
        for i in range(0, len(self.books)):
            for v in ['id', 'title', 'author']:
                # 也可用 find
                if str(search) == self.books[i][v]:
                    print('找到了', self.books[i])
                    all_book_list.append(self.books[i])
        return all_book_list


    # 添加
    def add_book(self, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):
        # 是否已经存入
        if not self.query_book(id):
            # 可以增加防重复的
            new_book = {}
            new_book['id'] = id
            new_book['title'] = title
            new_book['author'] = author
            new_book['classify'] = classify
            new_book['inventory'] = inventory
            new_book['content'] = content
            self.books.append(new_book)
            print('添加', new_book)
            self.write_book()
            return True
        else:
            return False

    # 删除
    def del_book(self, book_name):
        result = self.query_book(book_name)
        if result:
            self.books.remove(result[0])
            print('删除', result)
            self.write_book()

    # 修改
    def mod_book(self, old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):
        result = self.query_book(old_id)
        if result:
            result[0]['id'] = id
            result[0]['title'] = title
            result[0]['author'] = author
            result[0]['classify'] = classify
            result[0]['inventory'] = inventory
            result[0]['content'] = content
            self.write_book()
            return True
        return False

    def write_book(self):
        with open('book_info.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(self.books))

    def read_book(self):
        with open(r'book_info.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as r:
            self.books = json.loads(r.read())
            print('读取的数据', self.books)
        return self.books
    def first_add_book(self):
        self.books = []
        name = 'book_info.json'
        if not (name in os.listdir()):
            print(
                '开始初次写入用户信息'
            )
            with open(r'book_info.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                id_num = ['123', '133', '456', '213']
                title = ['西游记', '红楼梦', '三国演义', '水浒传']
                author = ['吴承恩', '曹雪芹', '罗贯中', '施耐庵']
                classify = ['小说', '小说', '小说', '小说']
                inventory = ['1', '10', '20', '5']
                content = ['唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧、白龙马，西天取经，历经九九八十一难， 终于取到真经的故事',
                           '《红楼梦》以贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的恋爱婚姻悲剧为主线，描写了以贾家为代表的四大家族的兴衰，揭示了封建大家庭的各种错综复杂的矛盾',
                           '三国演义以描写战争为主，反映了蜀、魏、吴三个政治集团之间的政治和军事斗争。',
                           '全书通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，艺术地反映了中国历史上宋江起义从发生、发展直至失败的全过程，深刻揭示了起义的社会根源，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想，也具体揭示了起义失败的内在历史原因。']
                for i in range(4):
                    data = {}
                    data['id'] = id_num[i]
                    data['title'] = title[i]
                    data['author'] = author[i]
                    data['classify'] = classify[i]
                    data['inventory'] = inventory[i]
                    data['content'] = content[i]
                    self.books.append(data)
                f.write(json.dumps(self.books, ensure_ascii=False))
                print('初次写入完毕', self.books)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    book = Book()
    # book.query_book('123')
    # book.query_book('西游记')
    # book.query_book('水浒传')
    # book.del_book('西游记')
    a = {'id': '123', 'title': '西游记', 'author': '吴承恩', 'classify': '小说', 'inventory': '1',
         'content': '唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧、白龙马，西天取经，历经九九八十一难， 终于取到真经的故事'}
    #
    # book.add_book(*a)

    book.mod_book('133', *a)

用户数据管理

用户数据管理和图书数据管理类似，这里就不作过多的讲解。看代码。

import json
import os

'''
[{user:'', password:'', state:''},{},]

[[], []] 学生用户 管理员用户
全部默认字符串
{'user':[{}], 'admin':[{}]}
1 普通用户
2 管理员

用户名唯一
'''


#  用户信息用字典来操作 包括增删改查功能的实现


class UserOperation:
    def __init__(self, flag):
        self.flag = flag
        self.user_first_add()
        self.read_user()

    def user_add(self, user, password, state=0):
        # 首先判断有没有重复的
        result = self.user_query(user)
        if not result:
            if self.flag == 1:
                self.user_info['stu'].append({'user': str(user), 'password': str(password), 'state': str(state)})
                self.write_user()
                return True
            if self.flag == 2:
                self.user_info['admin'].append({'user': str(user), 'password': str(password)})
                self.write_user()
                return True
        else:
            print('已经有了')

    def user_modify(self, user, old_password, new_password, state=0):
        result = self.user_query(user)
        if result:
            if result['password'] == old_password:
                if self.flag == 1:
                    for i in self.user_info['stu']:
                        if result['user'] == i['user']:
                            i['user'] = user
                            i['password'] = new_password
                            i['state'] = str(state)
                            self.write_user()
                            return True
                if self.flag == 2:
                    for i in self.user_info['admin']:
                        if result['user'] == i['user']:
                            i['user'] = user
                            i['password'] = new_password
                            self.write_user()
                            return True

    def user_del(self, user):
        result = self.user_query(user)
        if result:
            for i in self.user_info['stu']:
                if result['user'] == i['user']:
                    self.user_info['stu'].remove(i)
                    print('删除成功')
                    self.write_user()
                    return True

    def user_query(self, user):
        if self.flag == 1:
            for i in self.user_info['stu']:
                if user == i['user']:
                    print('查找成功！')
                    return i
            else:
                return None
        if self.flag == 2:
            for i in self.user_info['admin']:
                if user == i['user']:
                    print('查找成功！')
                    return i
            else:
                return None

    # 读取所有数据
    def read_user(self):
        with open(r'user.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as r:
            self.user_info = json.loads(r.read())
            print('读取的数据', self.user_info)

    # 用于写入数据
    def write_user(self):
        with open(r'user.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as w:
            w.write(json.dumps(self.user_info))
            print('写入的数据', self.user_info)

    def user_first_add(self):

        name = 'user.json'
        if not (name in os.listdir()):
            print(
                '开始初次写入用户信息'
            )
            with open(r'user.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                data = {}
                data['stu'] = []
                data['stu'].extend([{'user': '123456', 'password': '123456', 'state': '0'},
                                    {'user': '123', 'password': '123', 'state': '0'}])
                data['admin'] = []
                data['admin'].append({'user': 'admin', 'password': 'admin'})
                f.write(json.dumps(data))
                print('初次写入完毕', data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    user_active = UserOperation(1)
    print(user_active.user_query('123'))
    # user_active.user_del('admin')
    # user_active.user_add('1234', '1234')
    # user_active.user_modify('123', '12345', '0')

借书记录管理

Record类主要函数是estimate_upper_limit()，用于判断用户的借书数量，当借书数量大于或者等于2时，就返回True，不允许用户再借书了。其余方法与上文相似，看代码。

import os
import json


def first_run():
    name = 'record.json'
    if not (name in os.listdir()):
        print(
            '开始初次写入用户信息'
        )
        with open(r'record.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps([]))


class Record:
    def __init__(self):
        first_run()
        self.read_record()

    def read_record(self):
        with open(r'record.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            self.record_books = json.loads(f.read())

    def write_record(self):
        with open(r'record.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(self.record_books))
            print('写入记录成功', self.record_books)
	# 借书上限为2
    def estimate_upper_limit(self, user):
        borrow_books = []
        for book in self.record_books:
            if book['user'] == user:
                if int(book['book_num']) > 1:
                    return True
                else:
                    borrow_books.append(book)
        if len(borrow_books) >= 2:
            return True
        return False

    # 还书
    def drop_book(self, book_id, user):
        all_books = []
        for book in self.record_books:
            if book['id'] == book_id and book['user'] == user:
                all_books.append(book)
        if all_books:
            return all_books
        return False

    # 查询用户
    def query_user(self, user):
        dance = []
        for o in self.record_books:
            if o['user'] == user:
                dance.append(o)
        print(dance)
        return dance

if __name__ == '__main__':
    record = Record()
    record.write_record()

功能界面

登录界面核心功能check_login()函数用于检查登录是否成功，检查是否存在此用户，密码错误超过了三次账号就会被封禁，需要联系管理员解封。管理员登录则宽松许多，可以一直登录，直到登录成功。

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
import tkinter.ttk
from tkinter_book.other_fun.gui_loading import Loading
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center

class Login(tkinter.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Login, self).__init__()
        self.title('登录')
        self.resizable()  # 不允许更改窗口
        # style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
        # print(style.theme_names())
        # style.theme_use('xpnative')
        gui_center(self, 500, 420)
        self.all_info = UserOperation(1)
        self.all_info_2 = UserOperation(2)
        self.num = 0
        self.flag = False
        self.shou_wel()
        self.gui_login()
        self.mainloop()

    def shou_wel(self):
        font_frame = tkinter.Frame(self, width=400, height=50)
        book_manage = tkinter.Label(font_frame, text='欢迎登录图书管理系统', font=("Arial", 24), foreground='red')
        book_manage.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.05)
        font_frame.place(relx=0.15, rely=0.05)

    def gui_login(self):
        user_frame = tkinter.Frame(self, width=400, height=300)
        self.v_user = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.v_password = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.vali = tkinter.IntVar()
        self.vali.set(1)
        self.text_user = tkinter.Label(user_frame, text='用户名', font=("Arial", 19))
        self.entry_user = tkinter.Entry(user_frame, width=15, textvariable=self.v_user, font=("Arial", 19))
        self.text_password = tkinter.Label(user_frame, text='密   码', font=("Arial", 19))
        self.entry_password = tkinter.Entry(user_frame, width=15, textvariable=self.v_password, font=("Arial", 19),
                                            show='*')

        self.button_login = tkinter.Button(user_frame, text='登录', fg='red', font=("Arial", 20),
                                           command=self.check_login)

        self.radio1 = tkinter.Radiobutton(user_frame, variable=self.vali, value=1, text='学生登录', font=("Arial", 9))
        self.radio2 = tkinter.Radiobutton(user_frame, variable=self.vali, value=2, text='管理员登录', font=("Arial", 9))

        self.text_user.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.1)
        self.entry_user.place(relx=0.32, rely=0.1)

        self.text_password.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.25)
        self.entry_password.place(relx=0.32, rely=0.25)

        self.button_login.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.42)

        self.radio1.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.65)
        self.radio2.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.75)

        user_frame.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.2)

        self.show_text = tkinter.Label(self, text='C站关注天天501', font=('Arial', 9))
        self.show_text.place(relx=0.8, rely=0.95)

    def check_login(self):
        # print(self.vali.get())
        # 学生登录
        if int(self.vali.get()) == 1:
            e_get_u = self.entry_user.get()
            e_get_p = self.entry_password.get()
            result = self.all_info.user_query(e_get_u)
           #  print(result)
            if not result:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号不存在！')
                return
            if result['state'] != '0':
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '此账号已经封禁，请联系管理员')
                return

            if e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p == result['password']:
                self.destroy()
                Loading()
                # print('登录成功!')
                self.flag = True

            elif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p != result['password']:
                self.num += 1
                if self.num >= 3:
                    print('错误提醒', '账号锁定，请联系管理员！')
                    self.num = 0
                    result['state'] = '1'
                    self.all_info.write_user()
                    tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号已经封禁，请联系管理员')
                    return
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', f'密码错误,你还有{str(3 - self.num)}机会')

            else:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '账号或密码错误！')
                # 学生登录
        if int(self.vali.get()) == 2:
            e_get_u = self.entry_user.get()
            e_get_p = self.entry_password.get()
            result = self.all_info_2.user_query(e_get_u)
            print(result)
            if not result:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号不存在！')
                return

            if e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p == result['password']:
                self.destroy()
                Loading()
                print('登录成功!')
                self.flag = True
                return 2

            elif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p != result['password']:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '密码错误')

            else:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '账号或密码错误！')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Login()

管理员界面

首页

首页的天气预报需要爬取数据，我们选择爬2345的，分为两部分，第一部分，将天气图片爬下来，用类名存储图片。第二部分爬取城市天气数据用列表存储，且支持搜索城市天气。这爬虫比较简单，而且网站也没有什么反爬，正常流程走就行了。下面展示部分代码。

# https://tianqi.2345.com/ 爬天气预报
import os
import urllib.parse
import requests
import parsel
from tkinter_book.background_url import update_pict


def search_city(name='北京'):
    # 定义字典
    data = {'city': '', 'teacher': []}
    # 获取所有目录 图片缩放
    all_img_file = update_pict()
    # 转化为url编码
    name_ = urllib.parse.quote(name)
    url_1 = f'https://tianqi.2345.com/tpc/searchCity.php?q={name_}&pType=pc'
    headers = {'Referer': 'https://tianqi.2345.com/',
               'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
               }
    # 搜索 没有搜索到会返回空值
    search = requests.get(url=url_1, headers=headers)
    response_city = search.json()['res']
    if response_city:
        url = 'https://tianqi.2345.com' + response_city[0]['href']
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
        html_data = parsel.Selector(response.text)
        city = html_data.css('.banner-city-change span::text').get()
        tea_all = html_data.css('#J_bannerList .banner-right-con-list-item')
        data['city'] = city
        for i in tea_all:
            week = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-time::text').get().strip()
            date = i.css('.date::text').get().strip()
            img = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-icon::attr(class)').get().strip().split(' ')[-1] + '.png'
            # 给图片设置路径
            if img in all_img_file:
                img = 'imgs//' + img
            else:
                img = 'imgs//' + 'wea-rc.png'  
            wea = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-status::text').get().strip()
            tem = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-temp::text').get().strip()
            data['teacher'].append([week, date, img, wea, tem])
        return data
    else:
        print('搜索无效')
        data['city'] = 'None'
        for i in range(8):
            data['teacher'].append(['None', 'None', 'None', 'None', 'None'])
        return data


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(search_city())

既然数据已经爬取完了，那接下来就是将数据展现出来，这里用到了grid布局，类似于表格，方便咱们排列。下面看代码。

import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter
from tkinter_book.get_weather import search_city
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
from tkinter_book.other_fun.announcement_data import announcement_write, announcement_read, first_write
import tkinter.messagebox


class HomePage:
    def __init__(self, flag):
        self.weather_lists = []
        self.flag = flag
        self.get_city_weather()
        self.gui_home()
        self.update_weather()
        self.set_text()

    def gui_home(self):
        self.home_frame = tkinter.Frame()
        # 选项卡容器
        self.home_frame.pack()
        
        
        self.search_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.home_frame)
        self.weather_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.home_frame)
        self.search_frame.pack()
        self.weather_frame.pack()
        # 公告栏
        self.notice_label = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.home_frame, text='公告栏', width=700, height=200)
        # 不随子件变化
        self.notice_label.pack_propagate(0)
        self.notice_label.pack(pady=30)

    def update_weather(self):
        self.weather_lists.clear() # 清空列表

        self.entry = NewEntry(self.search_frame, '请输入搜索城市')
        button = tkinter.Button(self.search_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_button)
        show_city = tkinter.Label(self.search_frame, text=self.data['city'], font=('宋体', 24))
        show_city.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)
        self.entry.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)
        button.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=10)
        # 列不变
        for column in range(1, 6):

            # 获取每一行的值
            for row in range(1, 9):
                if column != 3:
                    tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, text=self.data['teacher'][row - 1][column - 1]).grid(row=column,
                                                                                                           column=row - 1,
                                                                                                           padx=15,
                                                                                                           pady=9)
                else:
                    try:

                        self.weather_lists.append(tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self.data['teacher'][row - 1][column - 1]))
                        tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, image=self.weather_lists[row - 1]).grid(row=column,
                                                                                                  column=row - 1,
                                                                                                  padx=15,
                                                                                                  pady=9)


                    except:
                        tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, text='无图').grid(row=column,
                                                                          column=row - 1,
                                                                          padx=15,
                                                                          pady=9)

    def get_city_weather(self, city='北京'):
        try:
            self.data = search_city(city)
        except:
            self.data = {'city': 'None', 'teacher': []}
            for i in range(8):
                self.data['teacher'].append(['None', 'None', 'None', 'None', 'None'])

    def search_button(self):
        v = self.entry.get_input_box()
        self.get_city_weather(v)
        print(self.data)
        # 删除搜索里的组件
        for item in self.search_frame.winfo_children():
            item.destroy()
        # 天气里的组件
        for item in self.weather_frame.winfo_children():
            item.destroy()
        self.update_weather()

    # 还要加按钮 设置文本
    def set_text(self):
        if self.flag == 1:
            first_write()
            self.text = tkinter.Text(self.notice_label)
            self.text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, announcement_read())
            self.text.configure(state='disabled')
            self.text.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand='true')
        if self.flag == 2:
            first_write()
            self.text = tkinter.Text(self.notice_label)
            self.text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, announcement_read())
            self.text.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand='true')
            # 提交按钮
            text_submit = tkinter.Button(self.home_frame, text='提交', width=6, command=self.button_text)
            # self.text.window_create('1.9', window=text_submit)
            text_submit.pack()

    def button_text(self):
        r = self.text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)
        announcement_write(txt=r)
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '保存成功!', parent=self.home_frame)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()

    style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
    note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)
    home = HomePage(1)

    style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')
    root.geometry('800x600+450+150')

    note.add(home.home_frame, text='首页')
    note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')
    root.mainloop()

图书管理

我们将图书管理分为两部分，左边为为功能区，右边为图书显示区。左边为添加、修改、借书、还书、删除。功能已经写好了，我们只需要把界面写出来就行了，右边也是一样的。

import tkinter
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
from tkinter_book.operation_data.record_book import Record
from tkinter_book.operation_data.book_operation import Book
from tkinter_book.other_fun.write_time import ComputingTime

'''对图书进行增删改查、图书的借还
添加   搜索
删除  show
修改
借书
还书
'''


class Admin:
    def __init__(self):
        self.book = Book()
        self.show_book()

    # 展示界面
    def show_book(self):
        self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()
        about_frame = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.main_show_frame, width=160, height=500, text='功能区')
        show_book_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.main_show_frame, width=800, height=700)
        self.tree = tkinter.ttk.Treeview(show_book_frame, columns=('id', 'title', 'author', "classify", "inventory"),
                                         show='headings', height=20, selectmode='browse')
        self.tree.heading('id', text='id', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('title', text='书名', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('author', text='作者', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('classify', text='分类', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('inventory', text='库存', anchor='center')

        self.tree.column('id', anchor='center', width=80)
        self.tree.column('title', anchor='center', width=160)
        self.tree.column('author', anchor='center', width=120)
        self.tree.column('classify', anchor='center', width=90)
        self.tree.column('inventory', anchor='center', width=80)
        for i in self.book.read_book():
            self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END, values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))

        # 搜索框+按钮
        self.search_entry = NewEntry(show_book_frame, '请输入id或者作者')
        self.search_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_v)
        self.update_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='刷新', command=self.update_books)
        self.search_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.05)
        self.search_button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.04)
        self.update_button.place(relx=0.55, rely=0.04)
        self.tree.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.1)
        show_book_frame.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.01)
        # 按钮样式
        button_style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
        button_style.configure('TButton', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='grey', width=8)
        # 添加
        add_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='添加', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(1))
        add_button.pack(pady=20)
        # 修改
        mod_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='修改', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(2))
        mod_button.pack(pady=20)
        # 借书
        lend_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='借书', style='TButton',
                                         command=lambda: self.borrow_toplevel())
        lend_button.pack(pady=20)
        # 还书
        even_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='还书', style='TButton',
                                         command=lambda: self.drop_toplevel())
        even_button.pack(pady=20)
        # 删除
        del_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='删除', style='TButton', command=self.del_books)
        del_button.pack(pady=20)

        about_frame.pack_propagate(0)
        about_frame.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.01)
        # 双击事件 绑定事件要参数
        self.tree.bind("<Double-1>", self.click_double)

    def click_double(self, event):
        itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())
        query_result = self.book.query_book(itm['id'])
        # print(query_result)
        self.toplevel_content(query_result[0]['content'])
    # 双击事件 双击图书显示书中介绍
    def toplevel_content(self, content):
        toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()
        gui_center(toplevel, width=500, height=400)
        text = tkinter.Text(toplevel)
        text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, content)
        text.configure(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        text.pack(fill='both', expand='True')

    # 搜索图书
    def search_v(self):
        query = self.book.query_book(self.search_entry.get_input_box())
        if query:

            for i in self.tree.get_children():
                self.tree.delete(i)
            for i in query:
                self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,
                                 values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无查询结果!')

    # 删除图书
    def del_books(self):
        return_v = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())
        self.book.del_book(return_v['id'])
        self.update_books()

    # 更新图书
    def update_books(self):
        all_book = self.book.read_book()
        for i in self.tree.get_children():
            self.tree.delete(i)
        for i in all_book:
            self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,
                             values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))

    def show_toplevel(self, flag):
        '''
        :param flag: 1 添加  2 修改
        :return:
        '''
        self.toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()
        gui_center(self.toplevel, width=600, height=500)
        id_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='id', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.id_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        id_label.pack()
        self.id_entry.pack()

        title_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='书名', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.title_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        title_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.title_entry.pack()

        author_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='作者', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.author_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        author_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.author_entry.pack()

        classify_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='分类', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.classify_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        classify_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.classify_entry.pack()

        inventory_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='库存', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.inventory_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        inventory_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.inventory_entry.pack()

        self.submit = tkinter.Button(self.toplevel, text='提交', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'),
                                     )
        self.submit.pack(side='left')

        self.content_text = tkinter.Text(self.toplevel)
        self.content_text.pack(pady=4)
        # 添加
        if flag == 1:
            self.submit.configure(command=self.toplevel_submit)
        # 修改
        if flag == 2:
            itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())
            if itm:
                self.id_entry.insert(0, itm['id'])
                self.title_entry.insert(0, itm['title'])
                self.author_entry.insert(0, itm['author'])
                self.classify_entry.insert(0, itm['classify'])
                self.inventory_entry.insert(0, itm['inventory'])
                content = self.book.query_book(itm['id'])
                self.content_text.insert('0.1', content[0]['content'])
                self.submit.configure(text='修改',
                                      command=lambda: self.modify_button(itm['id'], self.id_entry.get()
                                                                         , self.title_entry.get(),
                                                                         self.author_entry.get(),
                                                                         self.classify_entry.get(),
                                                                         self.inventory_entry.get(),
                                                                         self.content_text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)))
            else:
                self.toplevel.destroy()
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选择修改对象')

    # 修改图书
    def modify_button(self, old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):
        if self.book.mod_book(old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功', parent=self.toplevel)
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', 'id重复', parent=self.toplevel)

    # 添加图书
    def toplevel_submit(self):
        get_id = self.id_entry.get()
        get_title = self.title_entry.get()
        get_author = self.author_entry.get()
        get_classify = self.classify_entry.get()
        get_inventory = self.inventory_entry.get()
        get_text = self.content_text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)
        # print(get_id, get_title, get_author, get_classify, get_inventory, get_text)
        tip = self.book.add_book(get_id, get_title, get_author, get_classify, get_inventory, get_text)
        if tip:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '添加成功', parent=self.toplevel
                                        )
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '书库中已存在此书', parent=self.toplevel)
    
    # 借书窗口
    def borrow_toplevel(self):
        self.borrow_gui = tkinter.Toplevel()
        gui_center(self.borrow_gui, width=600, height=500)
        self.book_id_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='id', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.book_id_borrow_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.borrow_gui)
        self.book_id_borrow_label.place(relx=0.35, rely=0.1)
        self.book_id_borrow_entry.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.11)

        # 用户名
        self.user_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='用户名', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.user_borrow_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.borrow_gui)
        self.user_borrow_label.place(relx=0.28, rely=0.22)
        self.user_borrow_entry.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.23)

        # 数量 默认 1 最多2本
        self.num_v = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.num_borrow_option = tkinter.ttk.OptionMenu(self.borrow_gui, self.num_v, '1')
        self.num_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='数量', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.num_borrow_book = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='本', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.num_borrow_label.place(relx=0.29, rely=0.33)
        self.num_borrow_option.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.34)
        self.num_borrow_book.place(relx=0.48, rely=0.33)
        # 时间 默认30天 最多2个月
        self.time_v = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.time_borrow_option = tkinter.ttk.OptionMenu(self.borrow_gui, self.time_v, '15', '30')
        self.time_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='期限', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.time_borrow_day = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='天', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.time_borrow_label.place(relx=0.29, rely=0.43)
        self.time_borrow_option.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.44)
        self.time_borrow_day.place(relx=0.48, rely=0.43)
        # 确认借书
        self.s_borrow_button = tkinter.Button(self.borrow_gui, text='提交', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'),
                                              command=self.borrow_about)
        self.s_borrow_button.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.53)

    # 借书
    def borrow_about(self):
        op_user = UserOperation(1)
        op_record = Record()
        op_book = Book()
        v_id = self.book_id_borrow_entry.get()
        v_user = self.user_borrow_entry.get()
        t = ComputingTime()
        # 打印输入结果
        print(v_id, v_user, self.num_v.get(), self.time_v.get())
        name = op_book.query_book(v_id)
        # 首先查询图书
        if name:
            # 查借书用户
            if op_user.user_query(v_user):
                # 判断图书是否借完
                if int(name[0]['inventory']) <= 0:
                    tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '图书已借完', parent=self.borrow_gui)
                    return None
                # 判断用户是否还能借书
                if op_record.estimate_upper_limit(v_user):
                    tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '用户借书已达到上限', parent=self.borrow_gui)
                    return None
                # 对图书数量修改
                num = int(name[0]['inventory']) - int(self.num_v.get())
                op_book.mod_book(v_id, name[0]['id'], name[0]['title'], name[0]['author'], name[0]['classify'],
                                 str(num),
                                 name[0]['content'])
                # 添加到记录中
                op_record.record_books.append(
                    {'id': v_id, 'user': v_user, 'name': name[0]['title'], 'book_num': self.num_v.get(),
                     'borrow_time': t.current_time(),
                     'drop_time': t.return_book_time(int(self.time_v.get()))})
                op_record.write_record()
                tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '借书成功!', parent=self.borrow_gui)
            else:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户', parent=self.borrow_gui)
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此书', parent=self.borrow_gui)
    # 还书窗口
    def drop_toplevel(self):
        self.drop_gui = tkinter.Toplevel()
        gui_center(self.drop_gui, width=300, height=200)
        self.book_id_drop_label = tkinter.Label(self.drop_gui, text='id', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.book_id_drop_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.drop_gui)
        self.book_id_drop_label.place(relx=0.2, rely=0.1)
        self.book_id_drop_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.11)

        # 用户名
        self.user_drop_label = tkinter.Label(self.drop_gui, text='用户名', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.user_drop_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.drop_gui)
        self.user_drop_label.place(relx=0.09, rely=0.25)
        self.user_drop_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.26)

        self.s_drop_button = tkinter.Button(self.drop_gui, text='提交', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'),
                                            command=self.drop_about)
        self.s_drop_button.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.4)
    # 还书功能
    def drop_about(self):
        op_user = UserOperation(1)
        op_record = Record()
        op_book = Book()
        v_id = self.book_id_drop_entry.get()
        v_user = self.user_drop_entry.get()
        name = op_book.query_book(v_id)
        # 查图书
        if name:
            if op_user.user_query(v_user):
                all_drop_book = op_record.drop_book(v_id, v_user)
                if not all_drop_book:
                    tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '该用户无需还书', parent=self.drop_gui)
                    return
                for b in all_drop_book:
                    # 对图书数量修改
                    num = int(name[0]['inventory']) + int(b['book_num'])
                    op_book.mod_book(b['id'], b['id'], name[0]['title'], name[0]['author'], name[0]['classify'],
                                     str(num),
                                     name[0]['content'])
                    op_record.record_books.remove(b)
                op_record.write_record()
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提携', '还书成功', parent=self.drop_gui)
            else:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户', parent=self.drop_gui)

        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此图书', parent=self.drop_gui)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()

    style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
    note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)

    main = Admin()

    style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')
    root.geometry('800x600+450+150')

    note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='图书管理')
    note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')
    root.mainloop()

用户管理

用户管理相当于把图书换成了用户，其他都差不多。直接看代码。

import tkinter
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation

'''对用户管理 添加 修改 删除
'''


class ManagingUsers:
    def __init__(self):
        self.all_user = UserOperation(1)
        self.show_user()

    def show_user(self):
        self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()
        about_frame = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.main_show_frame, width=160, height=500, text='功能区')
        show_book_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.main_show_frame, width=700, height=700)
        self.tree = tkinter.ttk.Treeview(show_book_frame, columns=('user', 'password', 'state'),
                                         show='headings', height=20, selectmode='browse')
        self.tree.heading('user', text='用户名', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('password', text='密码', anchor='center')
        self.tree.heading('state', text='状态', anchor='center')

        self.tree.column('user', anchor='center', width=80)
        self.tree.column('password', anchor='center', width=160)
        self.tree.column('state', anchor='center', width=120)

        for i in self.all_user.user_info['stu']:
            self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END, values=(i['user'], i['password'], i['state']))

        # 搜索框+按钮
        self.search_entry = NewEntry(show_book_frame, '请输入用户名')
        self.search_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_v)
        self.update_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='刷新', command=self.update_user)
        self.search_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.05)
        self.search_button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.04)
        self.update_button.place(relx=0.55, rely=0.04)
        self.tree.place(relx=0.15, rely=0.1)
        show_book_frame.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.01)
        # 按钮样式
        button_style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
        button_style.configure('TButton', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='grey', width=8)
        # 添加
        add_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='添加', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(1))
        add_button.pack(pady=20)
        # 修改
        mod_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='修改', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(2))
        mod_button.pack(pady=20)

        # 删除
        del_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='删除', style='TButton', command=self.del_user)
        del_button.pack(pady=20)

        about_frame.pack_propagate(0)
        about_frame.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.01)

    def search_v(self):
        query = self.all_user.user_query(self.search_entry.get_input_box())
        if query:

            for i in self.tree.get_children():
                self.tree.delete(i)

            self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,
                             values=(query['user'], query['password'], query['state']))
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提携', '无查询结果!')

    # 删除图书
    def del_user(self):
        return_v = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())
        try:
            del_result = self.all_user.user_del(return_v['user'])
            if del_result:
                tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '删除成功')

        except:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选中删除目标')
        self.update_user()

    # 更新用户
    def update_user(self):
        all_user = self.all_user.user_info['stu']
        for i in self.tree.get_children():
            self.tree.delete(i)
        for i in all_user:
            self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,
                             values=(i['user'], i['password'], i['state']))

    def show_toplevel(self, flag):
        '''
        :param flag: 1 添加  2 修改
        :return:
        '''
        self.toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()
        gui_center(self.toplevel, width=450, height=400)
        user_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='用户名', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.user_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        user_label.pack(pady=20)
        self.user_entry.pack()

        password_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='密码', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.password_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        password_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.password_entry.pack()

        state_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='状态', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))
        self.state_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)
        state_label.pack(pady=4)
        self.state_entry.pack()

        self.submit = tkinter.Button(self.toplevel, text='提交', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'),
                                     )
        self.submit.pack(pady=15)

        # 添加
        if flag == 1:
            self.submit.configure(command=self.toplevel_submit)
        # 修改
        if flag == 2:
            itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())
            if itm:
                self.user_entry.insert(0, itm['user'])
                self.user_entry.configure(state='disable')
                self.password_entry.insert(0, itm['password'])
                self.state_entry.insert(0, itm['state'])

                self.submit.configure(text='修改',
                                      command=lambda: self.modify_button(itm['user'], self.user_entry.get()
                                                                         , self.password_entry.get(),
                                                                         self.state_entry.get(),
                                                                         ))
            else:
                self.toplevel.destroy()
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选择修改对象')

    # 用户名不准修改
    def modify_button(self, user, old_password, new_password, state=0):
        if self.all_user.user_modify(user, old_password, new_password, state):
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功', parent=self.toplevel)
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '修改失败', parent=self.toplevel)

    def toplevel_submit(self):
        get_user = self.user_entry.get()
        get_password = self.password_entry.get()
        get_state = self.state_entry.get()

        tip = self.all_user.user_add(get_user, get_password, get_state)
        if tip:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '添加成功', parent=self.toplevel
                                        )
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '此用户已存在', parent=self.toplevel)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()

    style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
    note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)

    main = ManagingUsers()

    style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')
    root.geometry('800x600+450+150')

    note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='用户管理')
    note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')
    root.mainloop()

借书记录

管理员界面将显示所有用户的借书记录，如果传入的flag值为1则表示普通用户，只显示当前用户借的图书记录，flag为2则显示所有用户借的图书记录。界面将会显示用户的借书时间以及归还时间。

from tkinter_book.operation_data.record_book import Record
import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk
import time

'''
显示已经借出去书的记录
'''


class LogMessage:
    def __init__(self, flag, user=None):
        '''

        :param flag: 1 普通用户 2 管理员
        :param user:
        '''
        self.flag = flag
        self.user = user
        self.show_gui()

    def show_gui(self):
        style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
        style.configure('t.TLabel', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='blue')
        if self.flag == 1:
            self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()
            self.log_books = Record()
            query_result = self.log_books.query_user(self.user)
            result = sorted(query_result, key=lambda x: x['borrow_time'], reverse=True)
            for i, v in enumerate(result):
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['id'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=0, padx=5,
                                                                                             pady=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['user'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=1, padx=5,
                                                                                               pady=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['name'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=2, padx=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='借', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=3)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])),
                                  style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=4)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='还', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=5)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['drop_time'])),
                                  style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=6)
                print('借书时间', time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])[:6], '还书时间', time.localtime(v['drop_time'])[:6])

        if self.flag == 2:
            self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()
            self.log_books = Record()

            result = sorted(self.log_books.record_books, key=lambda x: x['borrow_time'], reverse=True)
            for i, v in enumerate(result):
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['id'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=0, padx=5,
                                                                                             pady=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['user'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=1, padx=5,
                                                                                               pady=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['name'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=2, padx=8)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='借', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=3)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])),
                                  style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=4)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='还', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=5)
                tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['drop_time'])),
                                  style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=6)
                print('借书时间', time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])[:6], '还书时间', time.localtime(v['drop_time'])[:6])
	# 对时间格式修改 2023.7.21 18:05:12
    def handle_time(self, v_tuple):
        # 2023-7-24 15:20:30
        date = str(v_tuple[0]) + '-' + str(v_tuple[1]) + '-' + str(v_tuple[2])
        specific = str(v_tuple[3]) + ':' + str(v_tuple[4]) + ':' + str(v_tuple[5])
        # print(date + ' ' + specific)

        return date + ' ' + specific


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()

    style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
    note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)

    main = LogMessage(1, '123456')

    style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')
    root.geometry('800x600+450+150')

    note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='已借记录')
    note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')
    root.mainloop()

更改密码

更改密码界面，如果传入的值flag为1，则是普通用户，普通用户的id是不允许修改，如果传入的值为2，则是管理员，管理员id允许修改，user参数管理员可以不传。

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
import tkinter.messagebox


class ChangePassword:
    def __init__(self, user, flag):
        self.user = user
        self.flag = flag

        self.gui_change_password()

    def gui_change_password(self):
        self.change_frame = tkinter.Frame()
        self.specific = tkinter.Frame(self.change_frame, width=450, height=500)
        self.specific.pack_propagate(0)
        self.specific.pack()

        self.old_user_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='用户名', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.old_user_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.old_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='原密码', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.old_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.old_user_label.pack()
        self.old_user_entry.pack(pady=5)
        self.old_label.pack()
        self.old_entry.pack(pady=5)

        self.new_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='新密码', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.new_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))
        self.new_label.pack()
        self.new_entry.pack(pady=5)

        self.submit_button = tkinter.Button(self.specific, text='提交', font=('微软雅黑', 20, 'bold'),
                                            command=self.submit_determine)
        self.submit_button.pack(pady=10)

        tip = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='c站关注天天501', font=('', 10, 'bold')).pack(side='bottom')
        if self.flag == 1:
            # 插入用户名，并且不准修改
            self.old_user_entry.insert(0, self.user)
            self.old_user_entry.configure(state='disable')

    def submit_determine(self):
        oper = UserOperation(self.flag)
        # 获取值
        user_v = self.old_user_entry.get()
        old_password = self.old_entry.get()
        new_password = self.new_entry.get()
        print(user_v, old_password, new_password)

        if oper.user_query(user_v):
            if oper.user_modify(user_v, old_password, new_password):
                self.old_user_entry.delete(0, 'end')
                self.old_entry.delete(0, 'end')
                self.new_entry.delete(0, 'end')
                tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功！')
            else:
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '密码错误！')
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()

    style = tkinter.ttk.Style()
    note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)
    change = ChangePassword('',1)

    style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')
    root.geometry('800x600+450+150')

    note.add(change.change_frame, text='更改密码')
    note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')
    root.mainloop()

普通用户界面

首页、搜索、消息、更改密码这四个界面其实和管理员界面大同小异，这里就不过多的讲述了。

其他功能

数字时间显示

我们将用tkinter中的canvas模块来写一个类似数字闹钟的时间显示效果，首先我们知道绘制一个数字最多需要七笔，比如零，假设我们从某一个笔开始，如果这个数字有这个一笔，那我们就绘制，没有就跳过，那我们就可以完美的将每一个数字绘制下来。draw_num()绘制单个数字，将以上规律复现出来了。

import tkinter
from datetime import datetime

'''
采用24进制  格式12:15
可以采用12小时进制  格式12:15
'''


class Clock:
    def __init__(self, root, height=15, width=3, mode=24):
        # 以左上角坐标为准
        # 画布的宽高
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        # 画布的粗细
        self.line_distance = 5
        self.root = root
        self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=150, height=60)
        self.draw_clock()

    def draw_clock(self):
        # 删除之前绘制的
        self.canvas.delete('all')
        now = datetime.now()
        # 获取时间
        string = now.strftime('%H%M')
        # 小时
        self.draw_num(20, 10, int(string[0]))
        self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 2, 10, int(string[1]))
        # 两个点
        self.draw_interval(20 + self.height * 3.7, 20)
        self.draw_interval(20 + self.height * 3.7, 35)
        # 分钟
        self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 4.7, 10, int(string[2]))
        self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 6.7, 10, int(string[3]))

    def draw_num(self, x, y, num=0):

        # 总共分为7笔 每一笔
        if num in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x + self.height, y + self.height, x, y + self.height,
                                    width=self.width)

        if num in [0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x - self.line_distance, y + self.height - self.line_distance,
                                    x - self.line_distance, y, width=self.width)
        if num in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x, y, x + self.height, y, width=self.width)

        if num in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x + self.line_distance + self.height, y,
                                    x + self.height + self.line_distance,
                                    y + self.height - self.line_distance,
                                    width=self.width)

        if num in [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x + self.line_distance + self.height,
                                    y + self.height,
                                    x + self.line_distance + self.height, y + self.height * 2,
                                    width=self.width)
        if num in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9]:
            self.canvas.create_line(x + self.height, y + self.height * 2,
                                    x, y + self.height * 2,
                                    width=self.width)
        if num in [0, 2, 6, 8]:
            self.canvas.create_line(
                x - self.line_distance, y + self.height * 2,
                x - self.line_distance, y + self.height,
                width=self.width)

    def draw_interval(self, x, y):
        self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + 5, y + 5, fill='black')



if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.geometry('500x500+350+150')
    n = Clock(root)
    n.canvas.pack()
    root.mainloop()

加载画面显示

登录成功后会出现一个加载界面，这个效果实现比较简单，要用到Progressbar()，创建进度条，show()函数用for循环不断改变Progressbar()里面的值，同时需要更新界面，以达到动态显示的效果。当进度条加满时画面结束。

from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter
import random
import time


class Loading(tkinter.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Loading, self).__init__()
        # 居中显示
        gui_center(self, 100, 14)
        # 窗口透明
        self.attributes('-alpha', 0.8)
        # 无边框
        self.overrideredirect(True)
        self.loading_gui()
        self.mainloop()

    # 创建进度条
    def loading_gui(self):
        self.pro = tkinter.ttk.Progressbar(self, value=0, max=100, length=100)
        self.pro.pack()
        self.show()

    # 动态加载进度条
    def show(self):
        v = random.randint(1, 5)
        for i in range(100):
            v += random.randint(1, 16)
            self.pro.config(value=v)
            # 更新
            self.update()
            time.sleep(0.09)
            if v >= 100:
                print('结束了')
                self.destroy()
                return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Loading()

输入框提示词

输入框提示词效果比较简单，把Entry重写，当光标不在的输入框的时候，显示提示词，光标在的时候就不显示，最后我们还可以获取到输入框的值。

from tkinter import *


class NewEntry(Entry):
    def __init__(self, master=None, placeholder="提示词", color="grey"):
        super().__init__(master)
        # 提示输入
        self.placeholder = placeholder
        self.placeholder_color = color
        # 输入框背景
        self.default_fg_color = self["fg"]
        # 光标聚集
        self.bind("<FocusIn>", self.foc_in)
        # 光标离开
        self.bind("<FocusOut>", self.foc_out)

        self.put_placeholder()

    # 重写插入提示词
    def put_placeholder(self):
        self.insert(0, self.placeholder)
        self["fg"] = self.placeholder_color

    # 光标在的时候 删除提示词
    def foc_in(self, *args):
        if self["fg"] == self.placeholder_color:
            self.delete(0, END)
            self["fg"] = self.default_fg_color

    # 光标离开插入提示词
    def foc_out(self, *args):
        if not self.get():
            self.put_placeholder()

    # 获取输入框的值
    def get_input_box(self):
        print(self.get())
        return self.get()

界面居中显示

首先获取屏幕的宽高，那我们就有了界面宽高和屏幕的宽高，那就很容易就能计算出界面居中的位置。

# 窗口居中
def gui_center(win, width=300, height=450):
    # 获取屏幕的宽高
    screen_width = win.winfo_screenwidth()
    screen_height = win.winfo_screenheight()
    x = int(screen_width / 2 - width / 2)
    y = int(screen_height / 2 - height / 2)
    win.geometry(f'{width}x{height}+{x}+{y}')

借书时间和还书时间记录

这里用到了time模块，用于记录时间，根据时间戳来计算还书和借书的时间。

import time


class ComputingTime:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    # 返回当前时间
    def current_time(self):
        return time.time()

    # 还书时间
    def return_book_time(self, days):
        # 根据天数计算归还时间
        # print(time.localtime(self.current_time()+self.count_second(30)))
        borrow = self.current_time()
        return borrow + self.count_second(days)

    # 计算十位时间戳
    def count_second(self, days):
        return int(days) * 24 * 60 * 60

    # 判断是否到了还书时间
    def compare(self, back):
        current = self.current_time()
        if current >= back:
            return True
        else:
            return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    clock = ComputingTime()
    print(clock.return_book_time(20))

公告栏数据操作

公告栏比较简单，当第一次运行时会写入数据并保存为json格式。当我们需要对数据进行操作时，可以读取或写入，以达到重新发布公告栏的效果。

import os


def first_write(txt='关注天天501'):
    name = '公告栏.txt'
    if not (name in os.listdir()):
        print(
            '开始初次写入用户信息'
        )
        with open(name, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(txt)
        return


# 写入数据
def announcement_write(txt):
    with open('公告栏.txt', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(txt)


# 读取数据
def announcement_read():
    with open('公告栏.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        return f.read()

结尾

结束也是开始。本文到这就结束了，想要完整代码的，点赞+关注，私信我就可以了。感谢大家的支持和关注。
————2023.8.11 21:00