stm32 CubeMx 实现SD卡/SD nand FATFS读写测试
文章目录
- stm32 CubeMx 实现SD卡/SD nand FATFS读写测试
- 1. 前言
- 2. 环境介绍
- 2.1 软硬件说明
- 2.2 外设原理图
- 3. 工程搭建
- 3.1 CubeMx 配置
- 3.2 SDIO时钟配置说明
- 3.2 读写测试
- 3.2.1 添加读写测试代码
- 3.3 FATFS文件操作
- 3.3.1 修改读写测试代码
- 3.4 配置问题记录
- 3.4.1 CubeMx生成代码bug
- 3.4.2 SD插入检测引脚配置
- 4. 结束语
1. 前言
SD卡/SD nand是嵌入式开发中常为使用的大容量存储设备,SD nand虽然当前价格比SD卡高,但胜在价格、封装以及稳定性上有优势,实际操作和SD卡没什么区别。
关于 SD卡/SDnand 的驱动,有了CubeMx之后其实基本上都自动生成了对应的驱动了,基本上把驱动配置一下之后,自己写一些应用就可以完成基本的读写了,同时关于FATFS文件系统,也可以直接采用CubeMx配置,也不用自己移植,因此使用STM32开发这些还是比较爽的!不过使用过程中也有一些坑,自动生成的驱动有时候也还是有一些bug,因此还是需要大家对对应驱动有一定的了解。
本文将主要分享关于使用 CubeMx 配置 stm32 的工程,通过SDIO总线完成 SD卡/SD nand 的读写,并配置FATFS,采用文件操作实现对 SD卡/SD nand 的读写操作;此外还将分享博主在调试过程中遇到的一些问题,比如CubeMx自动生成的驱动存在的bug等,以及分享关于驱动部分的代码分析!
2. 环境介绍
2.1 软硬件说明
硬件环境:
- 主控:stm32f103vet6
- SD nand: CSNPGCR01-AOW
软件环境:
- CubeMx版本:Version 6.6.1
- 注意:当前最新版本 V6.8.0,生成的工程配置存在bug,具体细节在后文描述
2.2 外设原理图
SD卡槽原理图部分如下:
3. 工程搭建
3.1 CubeMx 配置
-
选择芯片,
ACCESS TO MCU SELECTOR
-
搜索对应的芯片型号,在对应列表下方选择对应芯片
-
配置时钟方案,采用外部高速时钟,无源晶振方案
-
配置调试器,由于我采用SWD调试接口,因此选择
Serial Wrie
串行总线
-
配置SDIO外设,由于我们所使用的SD nand支持4线传输,因此此处选择4线宽度;如果你所使用的SD nand或SD卡不支持4线传输,此处应选择1线宽度;支持4线宽度的SD卡肯定可以使用1线宽度,因此如果你实在不知道你的SD卡支持几线宽度,你可以直接选择1线宽度!4线和1线宽度的差别也就在于速度上相差了4倍!
(注意这里暂时不需要对SDIO的参数进行配置,后面我们再回来配置!)
-
完成时钟树配置:
- 配置外部晶振频率
- 调整时钟选择,SYSCLK由PLL产生,PLL由外部时钟倍频产生
- 配置SDIO外设时钟,注意此处SDIO外设比较特殊,有两个时钟!具体原因见后文!
-
修改SDIO参数配置,主要是修改SDIOCLK的分频
- 由于我们上述配置的SDIO时钟为 72M,而SD卡支持的通讯速率在0MHz至25MHz之间,因此我们需要分频,配置
SDIO Clock divider bypass
为Disable
- 此处设置
SDIOCLK clock divide factor
CLKDIV分频系数为8
,这个受限于具体的SD卡支持的最大速度。如果设置值较小,可能由于SDIO_CK速度过高,SD卡/SDnand不支持,导致通讯失败,因此建议先将此值设大点(或查看SD卡/SDnand手册,或先设一个较大值,软件完成SD信息读取后再配置) - 注意这个配置的时钟是用于SD读写通讯时候的时钟,而不是SD卡信息识别过程时的速度!
- 由于我们上述配置的SDIO时钟为 72M,而SD卡支持的通讯速率在0MHz至25MHz之间,因此我们需要分频,配置
-
勾选
FATFS
配置,选择SD Card
-
配置SD卡检测引脚,有以下两种方案
-
方案一:选择一个输入IO,作为触发引脚
-
方案二:不配置输入IO,最后生成代码的时候无视警报即可,生成的代码会自动取消输入检测判断
-
-
配置调试串口,用来打印信息,此处我选择USART1,大家可根据自己硬件环境自行选择
-
配置工程信息
- 配置工程名
- 选择工程路径
- 配置应用程序结构,我习惯选择
Basic
结构 - 选择IDE工具及版本
- 修改堆栈大小,适当改大一点,怕不够用
-
勾选将外设初始化放置在独立的
.c
和.h
文件,这样每个外设的初始化是独立的,方便阅读移植! -
生成代码
3.2 SDIO时钟配置说明
在上述CubeMx时钟配置中,外设的时钟一般都是只有一路过去,但是在此处我们会发现SDIO的时钟在时钟树中有两个!没弄清楚还会以为这是CubeMx出现bug了!
其实这是SDIO外设的特殊点,我们查看数据手册上的时钟树,便可以发现,实际上是真的有两路时钟,分别是:1)SDIOCLK;2)至SDIO的AHB接口;
之后,我们看到数据手册的SDIO章节,我们可以看到SDIO外设分为:1)AHB总线接口 和 2)SDIO适配器两大块,且使用不同的时钟,这也就是我们在时钟树配置中可以看到有两路时钟配置的原因了!
从下图我们可以知道,SDIO外设不同于其他外设,其外设模块部分与中断、DMA是分开的,并采用不同的时钟!
关于AHB总线接口及SDIO适配器更多细节,大家可自行阅读参考手册部分章节内容,此处不做赘述。
此外,关于时钟配置有一个特别需要注意的,也就是SDIO_CK时钟信号。SDIO_CK时钟,也就是我们SDIO外设与SD卡/SD nand通讯的CLK时钟,从上图我们可知,SDIO_CK时钟来自SDIO适配器,也就是来自SDIOCLK,对应CubeMX时钟配置中的:
3.2 读写测试
3.2.1 添加读写测试代码
-
使能
MicroLIB
微库,否则调用printf
函数会卡住
-
修改编码规则为
UTF-8
,这是由于我们CubeMx中配置的FATFS的编码格式为 UTF-8导致,如果不修改为UTF-8
则部分中文会乱码! //TODO:确认是由FATFS配置导致
-
添加 printf 重映射 (位置可根据自行决定)
#include <stdio.h>
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff);
return (ch);
}
- 添加 sdcard 信息打印函数,查看卡片信息
HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo;
void printf_sdcard_info(void)
{
uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容量
HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID;
HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID
HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信息
CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容量
switch(SDCardInfo.CardType)
{
case CARD_SDSC:
{
if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n");
else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n");
}
break;
case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break;
default:break;
}
printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制造商ID
printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号
printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类别
printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地址
printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数量
printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大小
printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数量
printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大小
printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容量
}
- 添加初始化及读写测试代码,注意此处我们没有直接使用FATFS的读写接口,我们先测试生成的SD驱动函数接口
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
BYTE send_buf[512];
DRESULT ret;
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* ...省略若干自动生成代码... */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0);
printf_sdcard_info();
printf("\r\n\r\n********** 英文读写测试 **********\r\n");
ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0,
(BYTE *)"Life is too short to spend time with people who suck the happiness out of you. \
If someone wants you in their life, they’ll make room for you. You shouldn’t have to fight for a spot. Never, ever\
insist yourself to someone who continuously overlooks your worth. And remember, it’s not the people that stand by \
your side when you’re at your best, but the ones who stand beside you when you’re at your worst that are your true\
friends",20,2);
printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret);
ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 20, 2);
printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret);
printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf);
printf("\r\n\r\n********** 中文读写测试 **********\r\n");
ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0,
(BYTE *)"开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\
创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n", 22, 2);
printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret);
ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 22, 2);
printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret);
printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
- 修改烧录器配置,配置为烧录后自动运行
- 下载测试,这里由于我们采用UTF-8编码,所以使用的串口上位机也需要支持UTF-8解析,我们这里使用Mobaxterm上位机,测试结果如下:
main.c
文件全部代码如下,供大家参考:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "fatfs.h"
#include "sdio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo;
void printf_sdcard_info(void)
{
uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容量
HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID;
HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID
HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信息
CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容量
switch(SDCardInfo.CardType)
{
case CARD_SDSC:
{
if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n");
else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n");
}
break;
case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break;
default:break;
}
printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制造商ID
printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号
printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类别
printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地址
printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数量
printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大小
printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数量
printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大小
printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容量
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff);
return (ch);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
BYTE send_buf[512];
DRESULT ret;
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_SDIO_SD_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_FATFS_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0);
printf_sdcard_info();
printf("\r\n\r\n********** 英文读写测试 **********\r\n");
ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0,
(BYTE *)"Life is too short to spend time with people who suck the happiness out of you. \
If someone wants you in their life, they’ll make room for you. You shouldn’t have to fight for a spot. Never, ever\
insist yourself to someone who continuously overlooks your worth. And remember, it’s not the people that stand by \
your side when you’re at your best, but the ones who stand beside you when you’re at your worst that are your true\
friends",20,2);
printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret);
ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 20, 2);
printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret);
printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf);
printf("\r\n\r\n********** 中文读写测试 **********\r\n");
ret = SD_Driver.disk_write(0,
(BYTE *)"开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\
创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n", 22, 2);
printf("sd write result:%d\r\n", ret);
ret = SD_Driver.disk_read(0, send_buf, 22, 2);
printf("sd reak result:%d\r\n", ret);
printf("sd read content:\r\n%s\r\n", send_buf);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
3.3 FATFS文件操作
移植了FATFS,当然也就可以只用通用的文件系统操作函数完成文件的读写,通用的文件系统操作API 在 ff.c
文件内,声明在 ff.h
文件内,主要使用的API接口如下:
FRESULT f_open (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* path, BYTE mode); /* Open or create a file */
FRESULT f_close (FIL* fp); /* Close an open file object */
FRESULT f_read (FIL* fp, void* buff, UINT btr, UINT* br); /* Read data from a file */
FRESULT f_write (FIL* fp, const void* buff, UINT btw, UINT* bw); /* Write data to a file */
FRESULT f_forward (FIL* fp, UINT(*func)(const BYTE*,UINT), UINT btf, UINT* bf); /* Forward data to the stream */
FRESULT f_lseek (FIL* fp, DWORD ofs); /* Move file pointer of a file object */
FRESULT f_truncate (FIL* fp); /* Truncate file */
FRESULT f_sync (FIL* fp); /* Flush cached data of a writing file */
FRESULT f_opendir (DIR* dp, const TCHAR* path); /* Open a directory */
FRESULT f_closedir (DIR* dp); /* Close an open directory */
FRESULT f_readdir (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno); /* Read a directory item */
FRESULT f_findfirst (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno, const TCHAR* path, const TCHAR* pattern); /* Find first file */
FRESULT f_findnext (DIR* dp, FILINFO* fno); /* Find next file */
FRESULT f_mkdir (const TCHAR* path); /* Create a sub directory */
FRESULT f_unlink (const TCHAR* path); /* Delete an existing file or directory */
FRESULT f_rename (const TCHAR* path_old, const TCHAR* path_new); /* Rename/Move a file or directory */
FRESULT f_stat (const TCHAR* path, FILINFO* fno); /* Get file status */
FRESULT f_chmod (const TCHAR* path, BYTE attr, BYTE mask); /* Change attribute of the file/dir */
FRESULT f_utime (const TCHAR* path, const FILINFO* fno); /* Change times-tamp of the file/dir */
FRESULT f_chdir (const TCHAR* path); /* Change current directory */
FRESULT f_chdrive (const TCHAR* path); /* Change current drive */
FRESULT f_getcwd (TCHAR* buff, UINT len); /* Get current directory */
FRESULT f_getfree (const TCHAR* path, DWORD* nclst, FATFS** fatfs); /* Get number of free clusters on the drive */
FRESULT f_getlabel (const TCHAR* path, TCHAR* label, DWORD* vsn); /* Get volume label */
FRESULT f_setlabel (const TCHAR* label); /* Set volume label */
FRESULT f_mount (FATFS* fs, const TCHAR* path, BYTE opt); /* Mount/Unmount a logical drive */
FRESULT f_mkfs (const TCHAR* path, BYTE sfd, UINT au); /* Create a file system on the volume */
FRESULT f_fdisk (BYTE pdrv, const DWORD szt[], void* work); /* Divide a physical drive into some partitions */
int f_putc (TCHAR c, FIL* fp); /* Put a character to the file */
int f_puts (const TCHAR* str, FIL* cp); /* Put a string to the file */
int f_printf (FIL* fp, const TCHAR* str, ...); /* Put a formatted string to the file */
TCHAR* f_gets (TCHAR* buff, int len, FIL* fp); /* Get a string from the file */
关于API的使用此处不做过多赘述,大家可以自行上官网查阅 FATFS官网,或者网上搜索,或直接看下述示例亦可。
3.3.1 修改读写测试代码
修改3.2.1章节所使用的读写测试代码,此处我们直接使用FATFS文件系统的读写函数接口,修改主函数如下,注意需要包含fatfs.h
头文件!
#include "fatfs.h"
int main()
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#define USERPath "0:/"
BYTE write_buf[] = "\r\n\r\n\
hello world!\r\n\
开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\
创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n\r\n\
";
BYTE read_buf[1024] = {0};
UINT num;
FRESULT ret;
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* ... 省略初始化代码... */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* 挂载文件系统,挂载的时候会完成对应硬件设备(SD卡/SDnand)初始化 */
ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1);
if (ret != FR_OK) {
printf("f_mount error!\r\n");
goto mount_error;
} else if(ret == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM) { /* 检测是否存在文件系统,如果没有则进行格式化 */
printf("未检测到FATFS文件系统,执行格式化...\r\n");
ret = f_mkfs(USERPath, 0, 0);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("格式化成功!\r\n");
f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* 先取消挂载,后重新挂载 */
ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1);
} else {
printf("格式化失败!\r\n");
goto mount_error;
}
} else {
printf("f_mount success!\r\n");
}
/* 读写测试 */
printf("\r\n ========== write test ==========\r\n");
ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("open file sucess!\r\n");
ret = f_write(&SDFile, write_buf, sizeof(write_buf), &num);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("write \"%s\" success!\r\nwrite len:%d\r\n", write_buf, num);
} else {
printf("write error! ret:%d \r\n", ret);
goto rw_error;
}
f_close(&SDFile);
} else {
printf("open file error!\r\n");
goto rw_error;
}
printf("\r\n ========== read test ==========\r\n");
ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt",FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("open file sucess!\r\n");
ret = f_read(&SDFile, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf), &num);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("read data:\"%s\"!\r\nread len:%d\r\n", read_buf, num);
} else {
printf("read error! ret:%d \r\n", ret);
goto rw_error;
}
} else {
printf("open file error!\r\n");
goto rw_error;
}
rw_error:
f_close(&SDFile);
mount_error:
f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
while (1) {
}
}
#define USERPath "0:/"
表示挂载的位置,这是由于FATFS初始化的时候链接的根目录为 0:/
,所以挂载的文件系统需要在此目录下,当然也可以是此目录下的路径,如0:/hello
,但不能是其他目录,如 1:/
测试结果如下:
main.c
完整内容如下:
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file : main.c
* @brief : Main program body
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "fatfs.h"
#include "sdio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "fatfs.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
HAL_SD_CardInfoTypeDef SDCardInfo;
void printf_sdcard_info(void)
{
uint64_t CardCap; //SD卡容釿
HAL_SD_CardCIDTypeDef SDCard_CID;
HAL_SD_GetCardCID(&hsd,&SDCard_CID); //获取CID
HAL_SD_GetCardInfo(&hsd,&SDCardInfo); //获取SD卡信恿
CardCap=(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)*(uint64_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize); //计算SD卡容釿
switch(SDCardInfo.CardType)
{
case CARD_SDSC:
{
if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V1_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V1\r\n");
else if(SDCardInfo.CardVersion == CARD_V2_X)
printf("Card Type:SDSC V2\r\n");
}
break;
case CARD_SDHC_SDXC:printf("Card Type:SDHC\r\n");break;
default:break;
}
printf("Card ManufacturerID: %d \r\n",SDCard_CID.ManufacturerID); //制鿠商ID
printf("CardVersion: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.CardVersion)); //卡版本号
printf("Class: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.Class)); //SD卡类刿
printf("Card RCA(RelCardAdd):%d \r\n",SDCardInfo.RelCardAdd); //卡相对地坿
printf("Card BlockNbr: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockNbr); //块数釿
printf("Card BlockSize: %d \r\n",SDCardInfo.BlockSize); //块大尿
printf("LogBlockNbr: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockNbr)); //逻辑块数釿
printf("LogBlockSize: %d \r\n",(uint32_t)(SDCardInfo.LogBlockSize)); //逻辑块大尿
printf("Card Capacity: %d MB\r\n",(uint32_t)(CardCap>>20)); //卡容釿
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1,0xffff);
return (ch);
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
#define USERPath "0:/"
BYTE write_buf[] = "\r\n\r\n\
hello world!\r\n\
开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!\r\n\
创作不易,转载请注明出处~\r\n\
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子\r\n\r\n\
";
BYTE read_buf[1024] = {0};
UINT num;
FRESULT ret;
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_SDIO_SD_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_FATFS_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* 挂载文件系统,挂载的时候会完成对应硬件设备(SD卡/SDnand)初始化 */
ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1);
if (ret != FR_OK) {
printf("f_mount error!\r\n");
goto mount_error;
} else if(ret == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM) { /* 检测是否存在文件系统,如果没有则进行格式化 */
printf("未检测到FATFS文件系统,执行格式化...\r\n");
ret = f_mkfs(USERPath, 0, 0);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("格式化成功!\r\n");
f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1); /* 先取消挂载,后重新挂载 */
ret = f_mount(&SDFatFS, USERPath, 1);
} else {
printf("格式化失败!\r\n");
goto mount_error;
}
} else {
printf("f_mount success!\r\n");
}
/* 读写测试 */
printf("\r\n ========== write test ==========\r\n");
ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("open file sucess!\r\n");
ret = f_write(&SDFile, write_buf, sizeof(write_buf), &num);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("write \"%s\" success!\r\nwrite len:%d\r\n", write_buf, num);
} else {
printf("write error! ret:%d \r\n", ret);
goto rw_error;
}
f_close(&SDFile);
} else {
printf("open file error!\r\n");
goto rw_error;
}
printf("\r\n ========== read test ==========\r\n");
ret = f_open(&SDFile, "hello.txt",FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("open file sucess!\r\n");
ret = f_read(&SDFile, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf), &num);
if(ret == FR_OK) {
printf("read data:\"%s\"!\r\nread len:%d\r\n", read_buf, num);
} else {
printf("read error! ret:%d \r\n", ret);
goto rw_error;
}
} else {
printf("open file error!\r\n");
goto rw_error;
}
rw_error:
f_close(&SDFile);
mount_error:
f_mount(NULL, USERPath, 1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
3.4 配置问题记录
3.4.1 CubeMx生成代码bug
测试发现,使用CubeMx当前最新版本:V6.8.0版本,生成代码会存在以下问题:
- SD卡/SDnand 卡片信息读取成功,但是读写测试失败
经过仔细分析代码后发现,出现的问题在 MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此初始化函数内的配置项错误导致,具体分析如下:
-
我们在CubeMx里面配置的时候选择的是4线宽度模式
SD 4bit Wide bus
-
v6.8.0版本CubeMx生成的
MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
SD初始化函数内,hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
-
看上去没有什么问题,配置4线模式,对应的初始化项也使用4线模式,但是不然,我们继续分析
MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此初始配置的调用 -
MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
此函数在main函数内初始化的时候调用,此函数只配置了hsd
结构体,并未配置给SDIO硬件寄存器 -
之后调用
SD_Driver.disk_initialize(0);
函数的时候才真正开始进行SDIO外设配置
BSP_SD_Init()
->HAL_SD_Init()
->HAL_SD_InitCard()
在
HAL_SD_InitCard()
函数内使用Init
结构体配置SDIO外设,总线宽度1bit,时钟速度<400k,以进行卡片的初始化识别。->
SD_InitCard()
->SDIO_Init(hsd->Instance, hsd->Init)
->SDMMC_CmdBlockLength(hsd->Instance, BLOCKSIZE)
· 在
SD_InitCard()
函数内实现SD卡的初始化识别,之后调用SDIO_Init()
将MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
内对hsd
的配置配置给SDIO外设,此处的作用主要是提升SDIO外设时钟速率为我们配置的速率;
· v6.8.0版本的代码此时hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
,因此v6.8.0版本代码后续SDIO外设使用4线通讯;
· 之后调用SDMMC_CmdBlockLength()
设置块大小,由于SDIO外设已切换到4线模式,而SD卡/SDnand此时仍然处于1线模式,因此配置会出错->
HAL_SD_ConfigWideBusOperation(&hsd, SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B)
根据前面获取到的SD卡SCR寄存器值,判断是否支持4线模式,如果支持则发送配置命令通知SD卡/SDnand进入4线模式,之后修改SDIO外设总线宽度为4线模式
-
通过以上分析可知,
MX_SDIO_SD_Init()
函数内对hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_4B;
的配置会导致对SD卡块大小的配置失败,从而导致后续读写时失败,报错为块大小设置失败! -
综上,针对当前最新版本 V6.8.0 版本CubeMx的处理方法是:手动修改此
hsd.Init.BusWide
配置为SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B
或更换低版本CubeMx,本人更换V6.6.1版本后无此bug。
3.4.2 SD插入检测引脚配置
使用CubeMx配置FATFS 选择 SD Card 之后,有一个配置参数,用来配置SD Card的输入检测引脚。如果我们在硬件上有设计SD卡的卡槽插入检测引脚插入连接到了MCU的IO,则可配置对应IO为输入模式,并设置对应IO为输入检测引脚,比如,我们设置PD12为输入检测引脚,则配置如下:
对应代码如下,输入检测 IO 低电平有效!
如果硬件上,没有此插入检测引脚,则可以在CubeMx内不进行配置,只是在生成代码的时候会提示警报而已,可以不用关心,生成的代码项会自动屏蔽插入检测!
4. 结束语
-
以上便是本文的全部内容了,欢迎大家评论区留言讨论!
-
关于SD卡/SD nand的其他有关技术文章,推荐大家关注:SD nand专栏(点击跳转!!!)
-
使用CubeMx虽然能帮助我们快速生成驱动,但是对于SD卡/SD nand的驱动流程,我们还是需要有清晰的认识,推荐阅读: SD Nand 与 SD卡 SDIO模式应用流程(点击跳转!!!)
开发者社区的明天需要大家一同开源共创,期待下一次你的分享,让我们一同携手共进,推动人类科技的发展!!!
创作不易,转载请注明出处~
更多文章敬请关注:爱出名的狗腿子(点击跳转!!!)