AlphaFold3 protein_dataset模块 ProteinDataset 类  _patch 方法的主要目的是围绕锚点残基（anchor residues）裁剪蛋白质数据，提取一个局部补丁（patch）作为模型输入。

源代码：

    def _patch(self, data):
        """Cut the data around the anchor residues."""
        # adapted from diffab
        pos_alpha = data["X"][:, 2]
        if self.mask_whole_chains:
            mask_ = (data["mask"] * data["masked_res"]).bool()
            anchor_points = pos_alpha[mask_].mean(0).unsqueeze(0)
            anchor_ind = []
        else:
            anchor_ind = self.get_anchor_ind(data["masked_res"], data["mask"])
            anchor_points = torch.stack([pos_alpha[ind] for ind in anchor_ind], dim=0)
        dist_anchor = torch.cdist(pos_alpha, anchor_points, p=2).min(dim=1)[0]  # (L, )
        dist_anchor[~data["mask"].bool()] = float("+inf")
        initial_patch_idx = torch.topk(
            dist_anchor,
            k=min(self.initial_patch_size, dist_anchor.size(0)),
            largest=False,
            sorted=True,
        )[
            1
        ]  # (initial_patch_size, )
        patch_mask = data["masked_res"].bool().clone()
        patch_mask[[int(x) for x in anchor_ind]] = True
        patch_mask[initial_patch_idx] = True

        if self.sabdab:
            antibody_mask = self._get_antibody_mask(data)
            antigen_mask = ~antibody_mask
            dist_anchor_antigen = dist_anchor.masked_fill(