【Docker】快速部署 Certbot 并为 Nginx 服务器配置 SSL/TLS 证书

news2025/4/12 22:06:09

【Docker】快速部署 Certbot 并为 Nginx 服务器配置 SSL/TLS 证书

引言

Certbot 是一个免费的开源工具，用于自动化管理和获取 SSL/TLS 证书，主要用于与 Let’s Encrypt 证书颁发机构交互。

步骤

Nginx 挂载 certbot 文件夹。

docker run -d \
  --name nginx \
  -p 80:80 \
  -p 443:443 \
  -v "$(pwd)/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" \
  -v "$(pwd)/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d" \
  -v "$(pwd)/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx" \
  -v "$(pwd)/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html" \
  -v "$(pwd)/certbot/www:/usr/share/certbot/www:ro" \
  -v "$(pwd)/certbot/ssl:/usr/share/certbot/ssl:ro" \
  --restart always \
  nginx:latest

修改 Nginx 配置文件 default.conf。

server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com;

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /usr/share/certbot/www;
    }

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html last;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}

创建证书（仅需运行一次）

docker run --rm \
  -v "$(pwd)/www:/usr/share/certbot/www:rw" \
  -v "$(pwd)/ssl:/etc/letsencrypt:rw" \
  certbot/certbot certonly \
  --webroot -w /usr/share/certbot/www \
  -d example.com \
  -d www.example.com \
  --non-interactive \
  --agree-tos \
  --expand \
  -m example@example.com

修改 Nginx 配置文件 default.conf，启用 SSL 证书。

server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com;

    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /usr/share/certbot/www;
    }

    location / {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

server {
    listen       443 ssl;
    listen  [::]:443 ssl;
    server_name  example.com www.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /usr/share/certbot/ssl/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/share/certbot/ssl/live/example.com/privkey.pem;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html last;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}