前言
在mysql中，按月份分区，再使用分区字段时间来查询数据将会很快，因为这样只需要扫描指定的分区。因此，在处理大量数据时，使用分区表是一个非常好的选择。
1、创建表，并使用RANGE COLUMNS分区
按创建时间create_time字段分区;分区名使用p0、p1、p2、p3 .. 的形式；create_time字段小于2019-01-01的数据将进入p0 分区，依次类推。
CREATE TABLE "box_fenqu" (
"id" bigint(36) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
"create_by" varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
"create_time" datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建日期',
"update_by" varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
"update_time" datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新日期',
"sys_org_code" varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '所属部门',
"status" int(10) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态',
"number" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '编号',
"zi_number" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '自编号',
"house_address" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '仓库地址',
"sb_number" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '设备id',
"point_id" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '投放点id',
"point" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '投放点',
"confirm" int(32) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '商户/企业用户确认入库，默认为0（未确认）1是已确认',
"last_point" varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '最近一次投放点名',
PRIMARY KEY ("id","create_time") USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2120001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(create_time)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-01-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-02-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-03-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-04-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-05-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-06-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-07-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-08-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-09-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-10-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-11-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p11 VALUES LESS THAN ('2019-12-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p12 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-01-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p13 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-02-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p14 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-03-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p15 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-04-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p16 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-05-01') ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p17 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) ENGINE = InnoDB) 2、创建存储过程proc_create_partition
创建存储过程proc_create_partition，用它来直接对box_fenqu表进行分区。其实就是将分区名加1，如p2加1就是p3;指定的日期范围就是往后面进一个月，保证最新的分区总是MAXVALUES的 ,如20200401就变成20200401和20200501，其中20200401指定范围，20200501为MAXVALUES。
CREATE DEFINER="root"@"%" PROCEDURE "proc_create_partition"(in_tbname VARCHAR(64))
BEGIN
SELECT DATABASE() INTO @dbname;
SET @tbname = in_tbname;
#查询表的最近一次分区的名字，这里按自然数递增的。比如0,1,2,4。去掉 p
SELECT
REPLACE (partition_name, 'p', '') INTO @PMAX
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname
AND table_name = @tbname
ORDER BY
partition_ordinal_position DESC
LIMIT 1;
#查询表的最近一次分区的指定时间,比如最近时间的分区时 2020.04.01
SELECT
REPLACE(partition_description, '\'', '') INTO @DNAME
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA = @dbname
AND table_name = @tbname
ORDER BY
partition_ordinal_position DESC
LIMIT 1, 1;
SET @t=CONCAT('alter table `',@dbname,'`.',@tbname,' reorganize partition p',@PMAX,
' into(partition p',@PMAX,' values less than (''',date(DATE_ADD(@DNAME,INTERVAL 1 MONTH)),'''),',
'partition p',@PMAX+1,' values less than MAXVALUE)');
SELECT @t;
PREPARE stmt FROM @t;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
COMMIT;
END这样传入box_fenqu表名即可进行增加分区了： CALL proc_create_partition('box_fenqu')。
3、创建mysql事件
创建mysql事件，定时调度分区；下面的事件到的意思就是从2020-05-03 00:00:00开始，每过一个月就执行下CALL proc_create_partition('box_fenqu')。
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` EVENT `e_create_partition`
ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 MONTH STARTS '2020-05-03 00:00:00'
ON COMPLETION PRESERVE DISABLE
DO CALL proc_create_partition('box_fenqu')4、动态增加分区
如果有多个表需要都需要定时的动态增加分区的话，就可以再写个存储如下，这个存储过程将对当前库下所有分区表都进行遍历，然后增加分区。
CREATE DEFINER="root"@"%" PROCEDURE "proc_create_partition_all"()
BEGIN
DECLARE tbname varchar(32);
DECLARE tmpSql varchar(256);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE ;
#查询已手动分区的表
DECLARE part_cursor CURSOR FOR (SELECT DISTINCT table_name FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND partition_expression IS NOT NULL AND table_name NOT LIKE '%bak');
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
#循环对表添加分区
OPEN part_cursor;
myLoop: LOOP
FETCH part_cursor INTO tbname;
IF done THEN
LEAVE myLoop;
END IF;
#调用分区存储过程
CALL proc_create_partition(tbname);
COMMIT;
END LOOP myLoop;
CLOSE part_cursor;
END5、开启事件
alter event `e_create_partition` enable;6、查询数据
查询有数据的最新日期/月份
select REPLACE(partition_description, '\'', '') date from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS where TABLE_SCHEMA=SCHEMA() AND TABLE_NAME='box_fenqu' AND table_rows != 0
ORDER BY REPLACE(partition_description, '\'', '') desc limit 1查询有数据的数据条数
select table_rows from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS where TABLE_SCHEMA=SCHEMA() AND TABLE_NAME='box_fenqu' AND table_rows != 0
ORDER BY REPLACE(partition_description, '\'', '') desc limit 1
查询各个分区数据情况
SELECT
PARTITION_NAME AS '分区名',
TABLE_ROWS AS '记录数' ,
PARTITION_DESCRIPTION '范围'
FROM
information_schema.PARTITIONS
WHERE
table_schema = 'test'
AND table_name = 'box_fenqu';参考文档：
mysql 分区实践之按月份分区，定时增加分区和删除分区 - 简书
MySQL 创建分区表并且按月分区
