用python和Pygame库实现“跳过障碍”游戏

news2025/3/14 2:02:20

用python和Pygame库实现“跳过障碍”游戏

游戏开发

跳过障碍游戏流程说明：

启动游戏后显示开始界面（包含游戏说明）

按空格键进入游戏

游戏过程中躲避障碍物获取分数

碰撞后显示结束界面（包含最终得分）

按空格键可立即开始新一局游戏

运行效果：

游戏体验优化建议（代码中修改）：

可通过调节OBSTACLE_SPEED改变游戏难度（当前值5）

修改SPAWN_RATE调整障碍物生成频率（当前60帧/个）

调整JUMP_POWER和GRAVITY改变跳跃手感（当前15和0.5）

源码如下：

import pygame
import sys

# 初始化 Pygame
pygame.init()

# 游戏窗口设置
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
win = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("简易跳过障碍")

# 颜色定义
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GROUND_COLOR = (0, 128, 0)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

# 玩家设置
PLAYER_SIZE = 50
JUMP_POWER = 15
GRAVITY = 0.5

# 地面设置
GROUND_HEIGHT = 50

class Obstacle:
    """障碍物类，包含碰撞体和计分标记"""
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height):
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)
        self.passed = False  # 是否已经通过玩家并计分

# 障碍物参数设置
OBSTACLE_WIDTH = 40
OBSTACLE_HEIGHT = 120  # 增加高度确保碰撞
OBSTACLE_SPEED = 5
SPAWN_RATE = 60  # 障碍物生成间隔帧数

# 游戏状态常量
START_SCREEN = 0
PLAYING = 1
GAME_OVER = 2

def init_game():
    """初始化游戏数据"""
    global player_x, player_y, player_vel_y, obstacles, score, spawn_timer
    player_x = 50
    player_y = HEIGHT - PLAYER_SIZE  # 玩家初始位置在地面
    player_vel_y = 0
    obstacles = []
    score = 0
    spawn_timer = 0

def draw_start_screen():
    """绘制包含游戏说明的开始界面"""
    win.fill(WHITE)
    
    # 标题文字
    title_font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 64)
    title_text = title_font.render("跳过障碍", True, BLUE)
    title_rect = title_text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH//2, HEIGHT//3))
    
    # 游戏说明
    instr_font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 36)
    instructions = [
        "游戏规则：",
        "按 空格键 跳跃躲避障碍",
        "坚持越久得分越高",
        "碰到红色障碍物游戏结束",
        "按 空格键 开始游戏"
    ]
    
    y_offset = HEIGHT//2
    for text in instructions:
        surf = instr_font.render(text, True, BLACK)
        rect = surf.get_rect(center=(WIDTH//2, y_offset))
        win.blit(surf, rect)
        y_offset += 50
    
    win.blit(title_text, title_rect)
    pygame.display.update()

def draw_game_over_screen(final_score):
    """绘制游戏结束界面"""
    win.fill(WHITE)
    
    over_font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 64)
    over_text = over_font.render("游戏结束", True, RED)
    over_rect = over_text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH//2, HEIGHT//3))
    
    score_font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 48)
    score_text = score_font.render(f"最终得分: {final_score}", True, BLACK)
    score_rect = score_text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH//2, HEIGHT//2))
    
    instr_font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 36)
    restart_text = instr_font.render("按 空格键 重新开始", True, BLACK)
    restart_rect = restart_text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH//2, HEIGHT*2//3))
    
    win.blit(over_text, over_rect)
    win.blit(score_text, score_rect)
    win.blit(restart_text, restart_rect)
    pygame.display.update()

def game_loop():
    """游戏主逻辑循环"""
    global player_y, player_vel_y, spawn_timer, score
    
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    game_state = START_SCREEN
    init_game()
    font = pygame.font.Font("C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simsun.ttc", 36)

    while True:
        # 事件处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    if game_state == START_SCREEN:
                        game_state = PLAYING
                    elif game_state == GAME_OVER:
                        init_game()
                        game_state = PLAYING
                    elif game_state == PLAYING and player_y >= HEIGHT - PLAYER_SIZE:  # 确保在地面才能跳跃
                        player_vel_y = -JUMP_POWER

        if game_state == PLAYING:
            # 物理模拟
            player_vel_y += GRAVITY
            player_y += player_vel_y

            # 地面碰撞检测
            if player_y > HEIGHT - PLAYER_SIZE:
                player_y = HEIGHT - PLAYER_SIZE
                player_vel_y = 0

            # 障碍物生成（每SPAWN_RATE帧生成一个）
            spawn_timer += 1
            if spawn_timer >= SPAWN_RATE:
                # 生成位置调整：底部与地面接触
                new_obstacle = Obstacle(
                    WIDTH,  # 初始在屏幕右外侧
                    HEIGHT - OBSTACLE_HEIGHT,  # 直接接触地面
                    OBSTACLE_WIDTH,
                    OBSTACLE_HEIGHT
                )
                obstacles.append(new_obstacle)
                spawn_timer = 0

            # 移动障碍物并检测通过
            player_rect = pygame.Rect(player_x, player_y, PLAYER_SIZE, PLAYER_SIZE)
            for obstacle in obstacles[:]:
                # 移动障碍物
                obstacle.rect.x -= OBSTACLE_SPEED
                
                # 计分检测：障碍物完全通过玩家且未被标记
                if obstacle.rect.right < player_rect.left and not obstacle.passed:
                    score += 1
                    obstacle.passed = True  # 标记为已计分
                
                # 移除移出屏幕的障碍物
                if obstacle.rect.right < 0:
                    obstacles.remove(obstacle)
                
                # 碰撞检测（使用像素完美碰撞检测）
                if player_rect.colliderect(obstacle.rect):
                    game_state = GAME_OVER

            # 绘制游戏画面
            win.fill(WHITE)
            # 绘制地面
            pygame.draw.rect(win, GROUND_COLOR, (0, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT, WIDTH, GROUND_HEIGHT))
            # 绘制玩家
            pygame.draw.rect(win, BLUE, player_rect)
            # 绘制障碍物
            for obstacle in obstacles:
                pygame.draw.rect(win, RED, obstacle.rect)
            # 显示得分
            score_text = font.render(f"得分: {score}", True, BLACK)
            win.blit(score_text, (10, 10))
            pygame.display.update()

        elif game_state == START_SCREEN:
            draw_start_screen()
        elif game_state == GAME_OVER:
            draw_game_over_screen(score)

        clock.tick(60)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    game_loop()