实现思路：

沿着3D物体每个面的法线，将面偏移一定的位置。

Shader Graph实现如下：

Shader Lab 实现如下：

Shader "Unlit/MeshExplode"
{
    Properties
    {
        _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Distance("Distance",Float) = 0
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }

        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag

            #include "UnityCG.cginc"

            struct appdata
            {
                float4 vertex : POSITION;
                float4 normal : Normal;
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
            };

            struct v2f
            {
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                float4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
            };

            sampler2D _MainTex;
            float4 _MainTex_ST;
            float _Distance;

            v2f vert (appdata v)
            {
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex + v.normal * clamp(_Distance,0,100) * 0.01);
                o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex);
                return o;
            }

            fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                // sample the texture
                fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
                return col;
            }
            ENDCG
        }
    }
}

实现效果如下：

参考链接：

Mesh Explosion in Shader Graph | Bytesize Gamedev (youtube.com)