数据包的作用是将一个个单独的数据打包起来，方便进行多字节的数据通信

数据包格式

HEX数据包

文本数据包

数据包接收

HEX数据包接收（固定包长）

文本数据包接收（可变包长）

串口收发HEX数据包

接线图

Serial模块

serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include <stdio.h>

uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[4];
uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[4];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void){
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte){
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t* Array, uint16_t Length){
    uint16_t i;
    for(i = 0; i < Length; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
    }
}

void Serial_SendString(char* String){
    uint8_t i;
    for(i = 0; String[i]!= '\0'; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
    }
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(int32_t X, uint32_t Y){	
    int32_t Result = 1;
    while(Y--){
        Result *= X;
    }
    return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length){
    uint8_t i;
    for(i = 0; i < Length; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
    }
}

void Serial_SendPacket(void){
	Serial_SendByte(0xFF);
	Serial_SendArray(Serial_TxPacket, 4);
	Serial_SendByte(0xFE);
}


uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void){
	if(Serial_RxFlag == 1){
		Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		return 1;
	}else{
		return 0;
	}
}

void USART1_IRQHandler(void){
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET){
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		if(RxState == 0){
			if(RxData == 0xFF){
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}
		}else if(RxState == 1){
			Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
			pRxPacket++;
			if(pRxPacket >= 4){
				RxState = 2;
			}
		}else if(RxState == 2){
			if(RxData == 0xFE){
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
		}
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

serial.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include <stdio.h>

extern uint8_t Serial_TxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxPacket[];

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t* Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char* String);
uint32_t Serial_Pow(int32_t X, uint32_t Y);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void Serial_SendPacket(void);
uint8_t Serial_GetRxFlag(void);


#endif

main.c 源程序

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "Key.h"

uint8_t KeyNum;

int main(void){	
	
	OLED_Init();	
	Serial_Init();
	Key_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "TxPacket");

	Serial_TxPacket[0] = 0x01;
	Serial_TxPacket[1] = 0x02;
	Serial_TxPacket[2] = 0x03;
	Serial_TxPacket[3] = 0x04;	
	
	
	while(1){
		
		KeyNum = Key_GetNum();
		if(KeyNum == 1){
			Serial_TxPacket[0]++;
			Serial_TxPacket[1]++;
			Serial_TxPacket[2]++;
			Serial_TxPacket[3]++;
			
			Serial_SendPacket();
			
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 1, Serial_TxPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 4, Serial_TxPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 7, Serial_TxPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(2, 10, Serial_TxPacket[3], 2);
		}
		
		if (Serial_GetRxFlag() == 1){
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket[0], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 4, Serial_RxPacket[1], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 7, Serial_RxPacket[2], 2);
			OLED_ShowHexNum(4, 10, Serial_RxPacket[3], 2);
		}
	}
}

串口收发文本数据包

接线图

Serial模块

Serial.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include <stdio.h>

char Serial_RxPacket[100];
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void){
	
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte){
	USART_SendData(USART1,Byte);
	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}

void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t* Array, uint16_t Length){
    uint16_t i;
    for(i = 0; i < Length; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);
    }
}

void Serial_SendString(char* String){
    uint8_t i;
    for(i = 0; String[i]!= '\0'; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(String[i]);
    }
}

uint32_t Serial_Pow(int32_t X, uint32_t Y){	
    int32_t Result = 1;
    while(Y--){
        Result *= X;
    }
    return Result;
}

void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length){
    uint8_t i;
    for(i = 0; i < Length; i++){
        Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
    }
}




void USART1_IRQHandler(void){
	static uint8_t RxState = 0;
	static uint8_t pRxPacket = 0;
	if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET){
		uint8_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		if(RxState == 0){
			if(RxData == '@' && Serial_RxFlag == 0){
				RxState = 1;
				pRxPacket = 0;
			}
		}else if(RxState == 1){
			if(RxData == '\r'){
				RxState = 2;
			}else{
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = RxData;
				pRxPacket++;
			}
		}else if(RxState == 2){
			if(RxData == '\n'){
				RxState = 0;
				Serial_RxPacket[pRxPacket] = '\0';
				Serial_RxFlag = 1;
			}
		}
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

Serial.h

#ifndef __SERIAL_H
#define __SERIAL_H

#include <stdio.h>

extern char Serial_RxPacket[];
extern uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;

void Serial_Init(void);
void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte);
void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t* Array, uint16_t Length);
void Serial_SendString(char* String);
uint32_t Serial_Pow(int32_t X, uint32_t Y);
void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);



#endif

main.c 源程序

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Serial.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include "string.h"


int main(void){	
	
	OLED_Init();	
	Serial_Init();
	LED_Init();
	
	OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "TxPacket");
	OLED_ShowString(3, 1, "TxPacket");	
	
	while(1){
		if(Serial_RxFlag == 1){
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, "                 ");
			OLED_ShowString(4, 1, Serial_RxPacket);
			
			if(strcmp(Serial_RxPacket,"LED_ON") == 0){
				LED1_ON();
				Serial_SendString("OLED_ON_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "             ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "OLED_ON_OK");
			}else if(strcmp(Serial_RxPacket,"LED_OFF") == 0){
				LED1_OFF();
				Serial_SendString("OLED_OFF_OK\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                 ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "OLED_OFF_OK");
			}else{
				Serial_SendString("ERROR_COMMAND\r\n");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "                 ");
				OLED_ShowString(2, 1, "ERROR_COMMAND");
			}
			Serial_RxFlag = 0;
		}
	}
}

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STM32 专栏文章均参考 《STM32入门教程-2023版 细致讲解 中文字幕》教程视频