微服务day02

教学文档：

黑马教学文档

Docker

Docker的安装

镜像和容器

命令解读

常见命令

案例

查看DockerHub，拉取Nginx镜像，创建并运行容器

搜索Nginx镜像：在 www.hub.docker.com 网站进行查询

拉取镜像：

docker pull nginx

查看本地镜像列表：

docker images

将拉取到本地的镜像进行打包，保存为文件

[root@server02 ~]# docker save --help

//查询docker save的命令的用法

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

Aliases:
  docker image save, docker save

//由此可知 该命令有 -o 表示设置 镜像的存储文件nginx.tar
Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@server02 ~]# ^C
[root@server02 ~]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx
[root@server02 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dist.zip  hello            install.sh                       nginx.tar        RDM-用户需求说明书.doc  公共  视频  文档  音乐
Desktop          download  hello-nginx.zip  jdk-17.0.8_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz  original-ks.cfg  xp-install.log          模板  图片  下载  桌面
[root@server02 ~]#

删除本地镜像

[root@server02 ~]# docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:fad8e1cd52e24bce7b72cd7cb674a2efad671647b917055f5bd8a1f7ac9b1af8
Deleted: sha256:3f8a4339aadda5897b744682f5f774dc69991a81af8d715d37a616bb4c99edf5
Deleted: sha256:bb528503f6f01b70cd8de94372e1e3196fad3b28da2f69b105e95934263b0487
Deleted: sha256:410204d28a96d436e31842a740ad0c827f845d22e06f3b1ff19c3b22706c3ed4
Deleted: sha256:2ec5c0a4cb57c0af7c16ceda0b0a87a54f01f027ed33836a5669ca266cafe97a
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   18 hours ago   Up 17 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

提取本地镜像文件

[root@server02 ~]# docker load --help

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN

Aliases:
  docker image load, docker load

Options:
  -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
  -q 表示是否显示提去细节
  -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output
[root@server02 ~]#

提去本地文件，只需要指定文件名即可

[root@server02 ~]# docker load -i nginx.tar
2ec5c0a4cb57: Loading layer [==================================================>]  58.43MB/58.43MB
73e2bd445514: Loading layer [==================================================>]  53.76MB/53.76MB
a103d141fc98: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   19 hours ago   Up 23 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        latest    be960704dfac   2 weeks ago   602MB
nginx        latest    3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago   108MB
[root@server02 ~]#

创建并运行NGINX容器


d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   20 hours ago   Up 2 hours   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 90:80 nginx
cd42761dd7ead46aa2c0a9147f5fe0c1f9d200a253cfeee584d6b03d6c66a30b

查看容器

# 第5步，查看运行中容器
docker ps
# 也可以加格式化方式访问，格式会更加清爽
docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Ports}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Names}}"

关闭进程

[root@server02 ~]# docker stop nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS                                                  NAMES
cd42761dd7ea   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 4 seconds ago                                                          nginx
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   20 hours ago         Up 2 hours                 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

启动容器

[root@server02 ~]# docker start nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS        PORTS                                                  NAMES
cd42761dd7ea   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   2 minutes ago   Up 1 second   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp                      nginx
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   20 hours ago    Up 2 hours    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

查看容器详细信息

# 第11步，查看容器详细信息
docker inspect nginx

进入容器



# 第12步，进入容器,查看容器内目录
-it 表示进入命令行交互
bash 为指定交互 语言
docker exec -it nginx bash
# 或者，可以进入MySQL
docker exec -it mysql mysql -uroot -p

删除容器

# 第13步，删除容器
docker rm nginx
# 发现无法删除，因为容器运行中，强制删除容器
docker rm -f nginx

[root@server02 ~]# docker rm nginx
Error response from daemon: cannot remove container "/nginx": container is running: stop the container before removing or force remove
[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                                                  NAMES
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   20 hours ago   Up 2 hours   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

命令别名

设置别名：root目录下 .bashrc文件进行设置

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi
~
~
~
~

修改文件，

# 修改/root/.bashrc文件
vi /root/.bashrc
内容如下：
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias dps='docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Ports}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Names}}"'
alias dis='docker images'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

执行命令使别名生效

source /root/.bashrc

实例：

[root@server02 ~]# vim .bashrc
[root@server02 ~]# source /root/.bashrc
[root@server02 ~]# dps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     PORTS                                                  STATUS       NAMES
d81b6044c59d   mysql     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   Up 3 hours   mysql
[root@server02 ~]# dis
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        latest    be960704dfac   2 weeks ago   602MB
nginx        latest    3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago   108MB
[root@server02 ~]#

数据卷

案例：利用Nginx容器部署静态资源

进入容器内部：

[root@server02 ~]# docker exec -it nginx bash

通过在DockerHub中查找可知Nginx的静态资源存放在 ‘/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html’文件中，由于容器没有提供非必要的依赖，所以没有修改文件的命令（vim）无法修改，由此引入数据卷。

[root@server02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        latest    be960704dfac   2 weeks ago   602MB
nginx        latest    3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago   108MB
[root@server02 ~]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 90:80 nginx
4081207a48ee7f1338b2136166b72f1adb424f5482193ab2a52e9c747acd481d
[root@server02 ~]# docker exec -it nginx bash
root@4081207a48ee:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@4081207a48ee:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
root@4081207a48ee:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls
50x.html  index.html
root@4081207a48ee:/usr/share/nginx/html# vi index.html
bash: vi: command not found
root@4081207a48ee:/usr/share/nginx/html#

删除原有的Nginx的容器

[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f nginx
nginx

创建新的容器并创建数据卷，设置数据卷名称为html，根据容器中的存储位置指定

[root@server02 ~]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 90:80 -v html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
c0f9d2c91c9dd88f2e767bda76453f0f836585c71b4dc129886850bc7a2fe130
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
c0f9d2c91c9d   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   8 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp                      nginx
d81b6044c59d   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   22 hours ago    Up 4 hours     0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker volume ps

Usage:  docker volume COMMAND

Manage volumes

Commands:
  create      Create a volume
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more volumes
  ls          List volumes
  prune       Remove unused local volumes
  rm          Remove one or more volumes
  update      Update a volume (cluster volumes only)

Run 'docker volume COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

显示所有的数据卷

[root@server02 ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     bb415299e39a1c7425861ee4add16668301e28c419cde8e35f5c436a69f228a4
local     html

展示数据卷的详情信息，其中有宿主机中文件的位置
[root@server02 ~]# docker volume inspect html

[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2024-11-02T19:57:10+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data",
        "Name": "html",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
[root@server02 ~]# ^C

进入宿主机的文件位置
[root@server02 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/html/_data
[root@server02 _data]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@server02 _data]# cat index.html

容器中的数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@server02 _data]#

案例2:Mysql数据挂载

查看Mysql容器的详细挂载：

# 1.查看MySQL容器详细信息
docker inspect mysql
# 关注其中.Config.Volumes部分和.Mounts部分


[root@server02 _data]# docker inspect mysql
[
    {
        "Id": "d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11",
        "Created": "2024-11-01T13:40:38.673884478Z",
        "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "mysqld"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1988,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2024-11-02T12:43:18.287204296Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2024-11-02T12:42:46.40149356Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:be960704dfac8744a2e2df80c90087551a998ac008916b9d1423d7b0c5ee33ea",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11/d81b6044c59d6dc6bdfd89ee6308b24c8b15bc62a67e58eb58a51471663fdb11-json.log",
        "Name": "/mysql",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "bridge",
            "PortBindings": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "always",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                40,
                80
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": [],
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware",
                "/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cf60d95239daad11fb5ab3980198891888748066b529da9d663da08d9dbcf7f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2e296e4d0a879890f34b553a9c3f59fa842faf33f37cdd692113dd269ec1adef/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c31d039bb31ffb6ac4da3b76ee29ac8ee1b7b918c7be92595d9a76c63cbf0e0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a1225bf1b17ea29ec4595d8fb4b2b41e3a65f9f7ea532181bca4c259cc8df8d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9c123ce4975933c8fdd1d01976c202afd48c4f7425e97ee29b363984c26898bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2e56e6f4d9796d51c25133bdf1f652254678c379a584edc4dd4340b1af1b6a36/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e8e715b5664a9962b35f9bbf33f62d814d7de58a29c11da00a2c9b41c9eb51da/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/36f7c8ada99b2753cb094209970fa771f5d104b1e1c04a3234fea11260f5055c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c4ddb63b3f27ffc789739b457035c23e6c7cd762e2a58da055a0f8ccb6c2e7f7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/66bc1e7635002279b4e9a3167244ac63845ac61f0bbf1e69ce7b2acfc2f45ee0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fa8051a8bb240be1431a320cc952996f212a9a0282a8d2e31e15ad2817a6bc29/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cf60d95239daad11fb5ab3980198891888748066b529da9d663da08d9dbcf7f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cf60d95239daad11fb5ab3980198891888748066b529da9d663da08d9dbcf7f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3cf60d95239daad11fb5ab3980198891888748066b529da9d663da08d9dbcf7f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "bb415299e39a1c7425861ee4add16668301e28c419cde8e35f5c436a69f228a4",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb415299e39a1c7425861ee4add16668301e28c419cde8e35f5c436a69f228a4/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d81b6044c59d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "TZ=Asia/Shanghai",
                "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "GOSU_VERSION=1.17",
                "MYSQL_MAJOR=innovation",
                "MYSQL_VERSION=9.1.0-1.el9",
                "MYSQL_SHELL_VERSION=9.1.0-1.el9"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "mysqld"
            ],
            "Image": "mysql",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "/",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "99e3029f08cd8edcaf9feac159a4a80a295b2751a97e3ab7f8ccd098ba3edfcd",
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/99e3029f08cd",
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ],
                "33060/tcp": null
            },
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "bb696f63baf3dfc2a498766837c478b3e535bd0d07414b66db75af55f57438bb",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "NetworkID": "2479e9c603f8bd3f6a4815a430cfdc37081daa5fd57ad1a8225a92e309c7dd90",
                    "EndpointID": "bb696f63baf3dfc2a498766837c478b3e535bd0d07414b66db75af55f57438bb",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "DriverOpts": null,
                    "DNSNames": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@server02 _data]#

Mounts部分为挂载信息，在创建容器时就自动创建挂载用来存储数据库中的数据。使用的是匿名卷，

可以发现，其中有几个关键属性：

Name：数据卷名称。由于定义容器未设置容器名，这里的就是匿名卷自动生成的名字，一串hash值。
Source：宿主机目录
Destination : 容器内的目录

上述配置是将容器内的/var/lib/mysql这个目录，与数据卷bb415299e39a1c7425861ee4add16668301e28c419cde8e35f5c436a69f228a4挂载。于是在宿主机中就有了/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb415299e39a1c7425861ee4add16668301e28c419cde8e35f5c436a69f228a4/_data这个目录。这就是匿名数据卷对应的目录，其使用方式与普通数据卷没有差别。

可以发现，数据卷的目录结构较深，如果我们去操作数据卷目录会不太方便。在很多情况下，我们会直接将容器目录与宿主机指定目录挂载。挂载语法与数据卷类似：

# 挂载本地目录
-v 本地目录:容器内目录
# 挂载本地文件
-v 本地文件:容器内文件

注意：本地目录或文件必须以 / 或 ./开头，如果直接以名字开头，会被识别为数据卷名而非本地目录名。

-v mysql:/var/lib/mysql # 会被识别为一个数据卷叫mysql，运行时会自动创建这个数据卷
-v ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql # 会被识别为当前目录下的mysql目录，运行时如果不存在会创建目录

创建要挂载的文件夹，并将提供的资料中的文件拉人文件夹中,包括配置文件和初始化数据库文件。

[root@server02 _data]# ^C
[root@server02 _data]# cd /root
[root@server02 ~]# mkdir mysql
[root@server02 ~]# cd mysql
[root@server02 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@server02 mysql]# mkdir init
[root@server02 mysql]# mkdir conf
[root@server02 mysql]# ls
conf  data  init
[root@server02 mysql]#

删除已存在的数据库容器：

[root@server02 mysql]# docker rm -f mysql
mysql
[root@server02 mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED       STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
c0f9d2c91c9d   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   2 hours ago   Up 34 minutes   0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp   nginx
[root@server02 mysql]#

修改新的数据库容器的创建语句：

docker run -d \
  --name mysql \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 \
  -v ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
  -v ./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d \
  mysql

# 4.查看root目录，可以发现~/mysql/data目录已经自动创建好了
ls -l mysql
# 结果：
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root    root   20 5月  19 15:11 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 7 polkitd root 4096 5月  19 15:11 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root    root   23 5月  19 15:11 init

# 查看data目录，会发现里面有大量数据库数据，说明数据库完成了初始化
ls -l data

# 5.查看MySQL容器内数据
# 5.1.进入MySQL
docker exec -it mysql mysql -uroot -p123
# 5.2.查看编码表
show variables like "%char%";
# 5.3.结果，发现编码是utf8mb4没有问题
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

# 6.查看数据
# 6.1.查看数据库
show databases;
# 结果，hmall是黑马商城数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| hmall              |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 6.2.切换到hmall数据库
use hmall;
# 6.3.查看表
show tables;
# 结果：
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_hmall |
+-----------------+
| address         |
| cart            |
| item            |
| order           |
| order_detail    |
| order_logistics |
| pay_order       |
| user            |
+-----------------+
# 6.4.查看address表数据
+----+---------+----------+--------+----------+-------------+---------------+-----------+------------+-------+
| id | user_id | province | city   | town     | mobile      | street        | contact   | is_default | notes |
+----+---------+----------+--------+----------+-------------+---------------+-----------+------------+-------+
| 59 |       1 | 北京     | 北京   | 朝阳区    | 13900112222 | 金燕龙办公楼   | 李佳诚    | 0          | NULL  |
| 60 |       1 | 北京     | 北京   | 朝阳区    | 13700221122 | 修正大厦       | 李佳红    | 0          | NULL  |
| 61 |       1 | 上海     | 上海   | 浦东新区  | 13301212233 | 航头镇航头路   | 李佳星    | 1          | NULL  |
| 63 |       1 | 广东     | 佛山   | 永春      | 13301212233 | 永春武馆       | 李晓龙    | 0          | NULL  |
+----+---------+----------+--------+----------+-------------+---------------+-----------+------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

自定义镜像

例如，要基于Ubuntu镜像来构建一个Java应用，其Dockerfile内容如下：

# 指定基础镜像
FROM ubuntu:16.04
# 配置环境变量，JDK的安装目录、容器内时区
ENV JAVA_DIR=/usr/local
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
# 拷贝jdk和java项目的包
COPY ./jdk8.tar.gz $JAVA_DIR/
COPY ./docker-demo.jar /tmp/app.jar
# 设定时区
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
# 安装JDK
RUN cd $JAVA_DIR \
 && tar -xf ./jdk8.tar.gz \
 && mv ./jdk1.8.0_144 ./java8
# 配置环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_DIR/java8
ENV PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
# 指定项目监听的端口
EXPOSE 8080
# 入口，java项目的启动命令
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]

就有人提供了基础的系统加JDK环境，我们在此基础上制作java镜像，就可以省去JDK的配置了：

# 基础镜像
FROM openjdk:11.0-jre-buster
# 设定时区
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone
# 拷贝jar包
COPY docker-demo.jar /app.jar
# 入口
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]

由于要下载JDK到本地所以先上传JDK到本地镜像


[root@server02 ~]# docker load -i jdk.tar
2c7e7ab2260a: Loading layer [==================================================>]  119.3MB/119.3MB
9ad2165feb02: Loading layer [==================================================>]  17.18MB/17.18MB
92903c3857f8: Loading layer [==================================================>]  17.87MB/17.87MB
1736ab871b32: Loading layer [==================================================>]  12.18MB/12.18MB
6f8e4cb95a88: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.584kB/3.584kB
41080a0c646f: Loading layer [==================================================>]  141.8MB/141.8MB
Loaded image: openjdk:11.0-jre-buster
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -
"docker ps" accepts no arguments.
See 'docker ps --help'.

Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]

List containers
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -A
unknown shorthand flag: 'A' in -A
See 'docker ps --help'.
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                                  NAMES
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
c0f9d2c91c9d   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 hours ago         Up 2 hours         0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp                      nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        latest            be960704dfac   2 weeks ago   602MB
openjdk      11.0-jre-buster   57925f2e4cff   2 years ago   301MB
nginx        latest            3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago   108MB
[root@server02 ~]# cd /root/demo
[root@server02 demo]# docker build -t docker-demo:1.0 .
[+] Building 1.0s (8/8) FINISHED                                                                                                               docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                     0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 299B                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                        0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster                                                                                                 0.1s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                        0.2s
 => => transferring context: 17.70MB                                                                                                                     0.2s
 => [2/3] RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo Asia/Shanghai > /etc/timezone                                             0.6s
 => [3/3] COPY docker-demo.jar /app.jar                                                                                                                  0.1s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                   0.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                  0.1s
 => => writing image sha256:9e95eddcf939bc4f47db257b48be435c1ef4fbe7f954155bb7ffd38c54ecb3f5                                                             0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/docker-demo:1.0                                                                                                       0.0s
[root@server02 demo]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
docker-demo   1.0               9e95eddcf939   5 seconds ago   319MB
mysql         latest            be960704dfac   2 weeks ago     602MB
openjdk       11.0-jre-buster   57925f2e4cff   2 years ago     301MB
nginx         latest            3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago     108MB
[root@server02 demo]# docker run -d --name dd -p 8080:8080 docker-demo:1.0
a8fd9609526f1f185148cd5e37bb795d06a100e4660ba57a500cbb206d9d849b
[root@server02 demo]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND                   CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                                  NAMES
a8fd9609526f   docker-demo:1.0   "java -jar /app.jar"      54 seconds ago      Up 52 seconds      0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp              dd
dbf730d0ef60   mysql             "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
c0f9d2c91c9d   nginx             "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 hours ago         Up 2 hours         0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp, :::90->80/tcp                      nginx
[root@server02 demo]#

网络


删除网络
[root@server02 demo]# docker network rm hmall
hmall
新增
[root@server02 demo]# docker network create wmmczk
462fcfdc6cb2467df985c1eee7c2ca355713321ca05646a4376ec73c8ed71c93

显示网络详情
[root@server02 demo]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
2479e9c603f8   bridge    bridge    local
18a3f1a81ca7   host      host      local
f3b8297a3f91   none      null      local
462fcfdc6cb2   wmmczk    bridge    local

将Mysql加入网络，并起别名db
[root@server02 demo]# docker network connect wmmczk mysql --alias db

将dd加入网络
[root@server02 demo]# docker network connect wmmczk dd
[root@server02 demo]# docker exec -it dd bash

从dd访问nysql 的别名db
root@a8fd9609526f:/# ping db
PING db (172.19.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mysql.wmmczk (172.19.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.152 ms
64 bytes from mysql.wmmczk (172.19.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.151 ms
^C
--- db ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 3ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.125/0.152/0.038 ms
root@a8fd9609526f:/# ping mysql
PING mysql (172.19.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from mysql.wmmczk (172.19.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.258 ms
64 bytes from mysql.wmmczk (172.19.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.098 ms
64 bytes from mysql.wmmczk (172.19.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms
^C
--- mysql ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 4ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.072/0.142/0.258/0.083 ms
root@a8fd9609526f:/#

创建容器时加入 --network 【容器名称】就可直接加入网络，但是不加入默认网络。

项目部署

后端项目

[root@server02 demo]# cd /root
[root@server02 ~]# docker build -t hmall .
[+] Building 2.3s (8/8) FINISHED                                                                                                               docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                     0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 298B                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                        0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                        0.7s
 => => transferring context: 68.24MB                                                                                                                     0.7s
 => CACHED [2/3] RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo Asia/Shanghai > /etc/timezone                                      0.0s
 => [3/3] COPY hm-service.jar /app.jar                                                                                                                   1.2s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                   0.3s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                  0.3s
 => => writing image sha256:97c798b4ad66621ffe0c767374828880c0a4b1fc060804c4b6bba53511f9bf24                                                             0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/hmall                                                                                                                 0.0s
[root@server02 ~]# dis
REPOSITORY    TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
hmall         latest            97c798b4ad66   5 seconds ago    370MB
docker-demo   1.0               9e95eddcf939   38 minutes ago   319MB
mysql         latest            be960704dfac   2 weeks ago      602MB
openjdk       11.0-jre-buster   57925f2e4cff   2 years ago      301MB
nginx         latest            3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago      108MB
[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f dd
dd
[root@server02 ~]# docker run -d --name hm -p 8080:8080 --network wmmczk hmall
8de6cc8dcaf73d9452794482fb43327a617a7f7d1b4174baf03143bc1424f0f4
[root@server02 ~]# docker logs -f hm

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.7.12)

23:13:45:771  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.hmall.HMallApplication               : Starting HMallApplication v1.0.0 using Java 11.0.13 on 8de6cc8dcaf7 with PID 1 (/app.jar started by root in /)
23:13:45:778 DEBUG 1 --- [           main] com.hmall.HMallApplication               : Running with Spring Boot v2.7.12, Spring v5.3.27
23:13:45:780  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.hmall.HMallApplication               : The following 1 profile is active: "dev"
23:13:48:750  INFO 1 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Multiple Spring Data modules found, entering strict repository configuration mode
23:13:48:761  INFO 1 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data Redis repositories in DEFAULT mode.
23:13:48:873  INFO 1 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 30 ms. Found 0 Redis repository interfaces.
23:13:51:096  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
23:13:51:130  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
23:13:51:131  INFO 1 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.75]
23:13:51:355  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
23:13:51:355  INFO 1 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 5400 ms
 _ _   |_  _ _|_. ___ _ |    _
| | |\/|_)(_| | |_\  |_)||_|_\
     /               |
                        3.4.3
23:13:57:392  INFO 1 --- [           main] pertySourcedRequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/v2/api-docs] onto method [springfox.documentation.swagger2.web.Swagger2ControllerWebMvc#getDocumentation(String, HttpServletRequest)]
23:13:59:106  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
23:13:59:108  INFO 1 --- [           main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Documentation plugins bootstrapped
23:13:59:116  INFO 1 --- [           main] d.s.w.p.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper : Found 1 custom documentation plugin(s)
23:13:59:356  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.d.s.w.s.ApiListingReferenceScanner     : Scanning for api listing references
23:14:00:473  INFO 1 --- [           main] com.hmall.HMallApplication               : Started HMallApplication in 16.316 seconds (JVM running for 17.706)

好了，我们已经熟悉了Docker的基本用法，接下来可以尝试部署项目了。

在课前资料中已经提供了一个黑马商城项目给大家，如图：

项目说明：

hmall：商城的后端代码
hmall-portal：商城用户端的前端代码
hmall-admin：商城管理端的前端代码

部署的容器及端口说明：

项目	容器名	端口	备注
hmall	hmall	8080	黑马商城后端API入口
hmall-portal	nginx	18080	黑马商城用户端入口
hmall-admin	nginx	18081	黑马商城管理端入口
mysql	mysql	3306	数据库

在正式部署前，我们先删除之前的nginx、dd两个容器：

docker rm -f nginx dd

mysql容器中已经准备好了商城的数据，所以就不再删除了。

3.1.部署Java项目

hmall项目是一个maven聚合项目，使用IDEA打开hmall项目，查看项目结构如图：

我们要部署的就是其中的hm-service，其中的配置文件采用了多环境的方式：

其中的application-dev.yaml是部署到开发环境的配置，application-local.yaml是本地运行时的配置。

查看application.yaml，你会发现其中的JDBC地址并未写死，而是读取变量：

这两个变量在application-dev.yaml和application-local.yaml中并不相同：

在dev开发环境（也就是Docker部署时）采用了mysql作为地址，刚好是我们的mysql容器名，只要两者在一个网络，就一定能互相访问。

我们将项目打包：

结果：

将hm-service目录下的Dockerfile和hm-service/target目录下的hm-service.jar一起上传到虚拟机的root目录：

部署项目：

# 1.构建项目镜像，不指定tag，则默认为latest docker build -t hmall . # 2.查看镜像 docker images # 结果 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hmall latest 0bb07b2c34b9 43 seconds ago 362MB docker-demo 1.0 49743484da68 24 hours ago 327MB nginx latest 605c77e624dd 16 months ago 141MB mysql latest 3218b38490ce 17 months ago 516MB # 3.创建并运行容器，并通过--network将其加入hmall网络，这样才能通过容器名访问mysql docker run -d --name hmall --network hmall -p 8080:8080 hmall

测试，通过浏览器访问：http://你的虚拟机地址:8080/search/list

前端项目

删除原有的Nginx容器

[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
8de6cc8dcaf7   hmall     "java -jar /app.jar"      11 hours ago   Exited (143) 11 hours ago             hm
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 hours ago   Exited (0) 11 hours ago               mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

创建新Nginx容器并进行挂载和加入网络

修改配置文件（即后端容器的名字使前端可以访问后端）：

worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/json;

    sendfile        on;
    
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       18080;
        # 指定前端项目所在的位置
        location / {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html/hmall-portal;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location /api {
            rewrite /api/(.*)  /$1 break;
            proxy_pass http://hm:8080;
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       18081;
        # 指定前端项目所在的位置
        location / {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html/hmall-admin;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        location /api {
            rewrite /api/(.*)  /$1 break;
            proxy_pass http://hm:8080;
        }
    }
}

然后创建nginx容器并完成两个挂载：

把/root/nginx/nginx.conf挂载到/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
把/root/nginx/html挂载到/usr/share/nginx/html

由于需要让nginx同时代理hmall-portal和hmall-admin两套前端资源，因此我们需要暴露两个端口：

18080：对应hmall-portal
18081：对应hmall-admin

命令如下：

docker run -d \
  --name nginx \
  -p 18080:18080 \
  -p 18081:18081 \
  -v /root/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  -v /root/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  --network wmmczk\
  nginx


[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
8de6cc8dcaf7   hmall     "java -jar /app.jar"      11 hours ago   Exited (143) 11 hours ago             hm
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 hours ago   Exited (0) 11 hours ago               mysql
[root@server02 ~]# ^C
[root@server02 ~]# docker run -d \
>   --name nginx \
>   -p 18080:18080 \
>   -p 18081:18081 \
>   -v /root/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
>   -v /root/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
>   --network wmmczk\
>   nginx
c1330ae115775b962cf7582805e9feb010ea5b322fcfc3d9aea2a1fa7035eeaf
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
c1330ae11577   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   6 seconds ago   Exited (1) 4 seconds ago              nginx
8de6cc8dcaf7   hmall     "java -jar /app.jar"      11 hours ago    Exited (143) 11 hours ago             hm
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 hours ago    Exited (0) 11 hours ago               mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker start nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker start hm
hm
[root@server02 ~]# docker start mysql
mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS                                                  NAMES
c1330ae11577   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Exited (1) 59 seconds ago                                                          nginx
8de6cc8dcaf7   hmall     "java -jar /app.jar"      11 hours ago         Up 46 seconds               0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp              hm
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 hours ago         Up 40 seconds               0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker start nginx
nginx
[root@server02 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                                                           NAMES
c1330ae11577   nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up 5 seconds        80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp, :::18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp   nginx
8de6cc8dcaf7   hmall     "java -jar /app.jar"      11 hours ago         Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp                                       hm
dbf730d0ef60   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 hours ago         Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                            mysql
[root@server02 ~]#

DockerCompose

docker run 参数	docker compose 指令	说明
--name	container_name	容器名称
-p	ports	端口映射
-e	environment	环境变量
-v	volumes	数据卷配置
--network	networks	网络

配置文件：

version: "3.8"

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql
    container_name: mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123
    volumes:
      - "./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d"
      - "./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql"
      - "./mysql/init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d"
    networks:
      - hm-net
  hmall:
    build: 
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: hmall
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    networks:
      - hm-net
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx
    ports:
      - "18080:18080"
      - "18081:18081"
    volumes:
      - "./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
      - "./nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html"
    depends_on:
      - hmall
    networks:
      - hm-net
networks:
  hm-net:
    name: hmall

[root@server02 ~]# docker rm -f hm nginx mysql
hm
nginx
mysql
[root@server02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hmall         latest            97c798b4ad66   12 hours ago   370MB
docker-demo   1.0               9e95eddcf939   12 hours ago   319MB
mysql         latest            be960704dfac   2 weeks ago    602MB
openjdk       11.0-jre-buster   57925f2e4cff   2 years ago    301MB
nginx         latest            3f8a4339aadd   6 years ago    108MB
[root@server02 ~]# docker rmi hmall docker-demo
Untagged: hmall:latest
Deleted: sha256:97c798b4ad66621ffe0c767374828880c0a4b1fc060804c4b6bba53511f9bf24
Error response from daemon: No such image: docker-demo:latest
[root@server02 ~]# docker compose up -d
WARN[0000] /root/docker-compose.yml: `version` is obsolete
[+] Building 0.1s (8/8) FINISHED                                 docker:default
 => [hmall internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                 0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 298B                                       0.0s
 => [hmall internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre  0.0s
 => [hmall internal] load .dockerignore                                    0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                            0.0s
 => [hmall internal] load build context                                    0.0s
 => => transferring context: 38B                                           0.0s
 => [hmall 1/3] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:11.0-jre-buster             0.0s
 => CACHED [hmall 2/3] RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc  0.0s
 => CACHED [hmall 3/3] COPY hm-service.jar /app.jar                        0.0s
 => [hmall] exporting to image                                             0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                    0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:3e78751a9f66a7824c8dd9a65bc7efa11c9e8def1e7be  0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/root-hmall                              0.0s
[+] Running 4/4
 ✔ Network hmall    Created                                                0.1s
 ✔ Container mysql  Started                                                0.5s
 ✔ Container hmall  Started                                                0.9s
 ✔ Container nginx  Started                                                1.7s
[root@server02 ~]# docker compose images
WARN[0000] /root/docker-compose.yml: `version` is obsolete
CONTAINER           REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
hmall               root-hmall          latest              3e78751a9f66        370MB
mysql               mysql               latest              be960704dfac        602MB
nginx               nginx               latest              3f8a4339aadd        108MB
[root@server02 ~]# docker compose ps
WARN[0000] /root/docker-compose.yml: `version` is obsolete
NAME      IMAGE        COMMAND                   SERVICE   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS
hmall     root-hmall   "java -jar /app.jar"      hmall     2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp
mysql     mysql        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   mysql     2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
nginx     nginx        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   nginx     2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp, :::18080-18081->18080-18081/tcp
[root@server02 ~]#