在Linux操作系统上安装NVM教程—

在Linux操作系统上安装NVM教程——CentOS 8/VMware 17版本

news2024/10/18 10:35:36

一、查看网络配置

二、配置阿里云镜像

三、下载NVM

四、给虚拟机共享本机文件（补充）

一、查看网络配置是否能上网

1.查看文件：cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160（注意：ONBOOT="yes"）

2.查看文件：cat /etc/resolv.conf

3.查看网络是否能使用：ping www.baidu.com（没有出现丢包现象就是成功）

或者使用虚拟机的浏览器访问网页是否成功

二、配置阿里云镜像

1.查看镜像文件：cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo

2.备份文件：mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup

3.检查yum源：rpm -qa | grep yum

4.修改CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo的镜像：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

5.查看文件：cat CentOS-Base.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
[PowerTools]
name=CentOS-$releasever - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official


[AppStream]
name=CentOS-$releasever - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official

6.修改yum源配置文件

执行命令，按下Esc键，再按冒号键(:)，输入命令（右键点击粘贴，再回车执行命令）：

%s/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g

会显示替换了几行，再执行命令：

%s/$releasever/$releasever-stream/g

按下Esc键，退出文件编辑模式，输入：:wq!

7.执行更新yum源配置文件

1）清除缓存：yum clean all

2）生成新的缓存：yum makecache

三、下载NVM

1.下载nvm包到本机：（选择想要下载的版本）

https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/archive/refs/tags/v0.39.5.tar.gz

https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/archive/refs/tags/v0.39.1.tar.gz

2.输入nvm下载地址，按下回车键就可以进行下载了，下载会放到"下载"的文件夹中

弹出框选择"保存文件"，点击确定

点击"活动"，在左侧弹出的导航栏，点击"文件夹"（蓝色的柜子图标）

在"下载"文件夹中可以看到下载好的nvm安装包

3.在root目录创建一个.nvm目录：mkdir /root/.nvm（用于存放后续的nodejs版本和依赖包）

4.解压nvm安装包（解压到/root/.nvm文件夹）

tar -zxvf ~/下载/nvm-0.39.1.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C /root/.nvm

对应

tar -zxvf nvm安装包实际存放路径 --strip-components 1 -C 解压nvm安装包实际存放路径

tar -zxvf ~/下载/nvm-0.39.1.tar.gz --strip-components 1  -C /root/.nvm

解压之后.nvm目录多了以下的文件和文件夹

5.编辑~/.bashrc文件：vim ~/.bashrc，文件末尾添加以下内容（按I键，进入编辑模式，按Esc键，退出编辑模式，保存并强制退出，输入：:wq!）

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm

完整.bashrc文件内容

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
	. /etc/bashrc
fi

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm

6.重新编译.bashrc文件：source ~/.bashrc