Qt6+VTK9环境配置
- 说明
- 1 Qt6安装
- 2 VTK源码编译
- 2.1 源码下载
- 2.2 工程编译
- 2.3 设置环境变量
- 3 Qt+VTK项目构建
- 3.1 使用qmake管理项目
- 3.2 使用cmake管理项目
- 参考资料
说明
由于想做一点新的东西，需要去探索一些工具，对于VTK之前没有了解过，在进行环境配置时，参考了其他一些博客，由于版本的问题，采了不少坑，所以，在这里做个记录整理。我所使用的工具版本如下：
| Qt | VTK |
|---|---|
| 6.5.3 | 9.3.0 |
友情提示： 如果您也是新手，建议和我保持一样的版本，Qt6还好，VTK相对于之前的版本(如8.x)，更新非常大，有很多地方都不一样，会有很多麻烦。
1 Qt6安装
Qt的安装没什么好说的，根据官方提供的连接，下载安装即可，如果之前没有用过Qt，进行安装。
2 VTK源码编译
2.1 源码下载
由于要和Qt一起使用，官方提供的安装包和vcpkg安装的不包括Qt相关的库，所以要从源码进行编译。VTK源码地址。进入github后，选择版本，然后下载即可。
2.2 工程编译
下载好后，打开cmake-gui。选择源码路径和build文件路径(在源码同级路径下新建文件夹即可)，忽略文件夹版本和代码版本不对应的问题，配环境真的很头大。
先点击Configure，页面出现如下界面，选择visual Studio 17 2022(我的vs是2022)和x64，然后Finish进行生成编译文件。
结束后，勾选BUILD_SHARED_LIBS,找到CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX，设置一个vtk的库文件生成路径。
然后在后面找到VTK_GROUP_ENABLE_Qt，将条件值设置为WANT
然后重新Configure,会出现如下错误提示
然后将VTK_QT_VERSION的值改为‘6’，将Qt6_DIR改为自己Qt安装路径下编译套件lib文件夹下的cmake/Qt6文件夹，Qt5的路径不用管，设置完成后再Configure。
完成后检查，若Qt的各个路径只有Qt6QmlCompilerPlusPrivate_DIR-NOTFOUND，则完成，Qt6QmlCompilerPlusPrivate这个不用管，没有影响。
然后，点击Generate进行生成。完成后Open Project便可操作。
点击Open Project，在visual Studio中打开项目。打开后将项目的编译类型设置成Release，在右侧资源管理器中，右击ALL_BUILD,开始编译。
编译完成后，同样在资源管理器中找到INSTALL，右键生成进行安装，完整完成后会在之前设置的vtk库文件生成路径下生成vtk库。
到这里，vtk库编译完成。
2.3 设置环境变量
在系统环境变量里增加vtk的bin路径
3 Qt+VTK项目构建
完成环境配置后，构建Qt+VTK项目进行环境测试，Qt项目有两种管理方式，基于qmake和基于cmake。
3.1 使用qmake管理项目
使用Qtcreator创建一个Qt Widgets Application项目，使用qmake管理项目。
打开项目.pro文件，将内容改为如下：
QT += core gui openglwidgets #openglwidgets必不可少，不然会报opengl相关的错误
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
CONFIG += c++17
# You can make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Assign include header path
INCLUDEPATH += path/VTK/include
# Assign lib search path
QMAKE_LIBDIR += path/VTK/lib
# Set link lib
LIBS +=vtkcgns-9.3.lib\
vtkChartsCore-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonColor-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonComputationalGeometry-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonCore-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonDataModel-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonExecutionModel-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonMath-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonMisc-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonSystem-9.3.lib\
vtkCommonTransforms-9.3.lib\
vtkDICOMParser-9.3.lib\
vtkDomainsChemistry-9.3.lib\
vtkDomainsChemistryOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkdoubleconversion-9.3.lib\
vtkexodusII-9.3.lib\
vtkexpat-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersAMR-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersCellGrid-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersCore-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersExtraction-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersFlowPaths-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersGeneral-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersGeneric-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersGeometry-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersGeometryPreview-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersHybrid-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersHyperTree-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersImaging-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersModeling-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersParallel-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersParallelImaging-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersPoints-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersProgrammable-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersReduction-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersSelection-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersSMP-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersSources-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersStatistics-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersTemporal-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersTensor-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersTexture-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersTopology-9.3.lib\
vtkFiltersVerdict-9.3.lib\
vtkfmt-9.3.lib\
vtkfreetype-9.3.lib\
vtkGeovisCore-9.3.lib\
vtkgl2ps-9.3.lib\
vtkglew-9.3.lib\
vtkGUISupportQt-9.3.lib\
vtkGUISupportQtQuick-9.3.lib\
vtkGUISupportQtSQL-9.3.lib\
vtkhdf5-9.3.lib\
vtkhdf5_hl-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingColor-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingCore-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingFourier-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingGeneral-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingHybrid-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingMath-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingMorphological-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingSources-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingStatistics-9.3.lib\
vtkImagingStencil-9.3.lib\
vtkInfovisCore-9.3.lib\
vtkInfovisLayout-9.3.lib\
vtkInteractionImage-9.3.lib\
vtkInteractionStyle-9.3.lib\
vtkInteractionWidgets-9.3.lib\
vtkIOAMR-9.3.lib\
vtkIOAsynchronous-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCellGrid-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCesium3DTiles-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCGNSReader-9.3.lib\
vtkIOChemistry-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCityGML-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCONVERGECFD-9.3.lib\
vtkIOCore-9.3.lib\
vtkIOEngys-9.3.lib\
vtkIOEnSight-9.3.lib\
vtkIOERF-9.3.lib\
vtkIOExodus-9.3.lib\
vtkIOExport-9.3.lib\
vtkIOExportGL2PS-9.3.lib\
vtkIOExportPDF-9.3.lib\
vtkIOFDS-9.3.lib\
vtkIOFLUENTCFF-9.3.lib\
vtkIOGeometry-9.3.lib\
vtkIOHDF-9.3.lib\
vtkIOImage-9.3.lib\
vtkIOImport-9.3.lib\
vtkIOInfovis-9.3.lib\
vtkIOIOSS-9.3.lib\
vtkIOLegacy-9.3.lib\
vtkIOLSDyna-9.3.lib\
vtkIOMINC-9.3.lib\
vtkIOMotionFX-9.3.lib\
vtkIOMovie-9.3.lib\
vtkIONetCDF-9.3.lib\
vtkIOOggTheora-9.3.lib\
vtkIOParallel-9.3.lib\
vtkIOParallelXML-9.3.lib\
vtkIOPLY-9.3.lib\
vtkIOSegY-9.3.lib\
vtkIOSQL-9.3.lib\
vtkioss-9.3.lib\
vtkIOTecplotTable-9.3.lib\
vtkIOVeraOut-9.3.lib\
vtkIOVideo-9.3.lib\
vtkIOXML-9.3.lib\
vtkIOXMLParser-9.3.lib\
vtkjpeg-9.3.lib\
vtkjsoncpp-9.3.lib\
vtkkissfft-9.3.lib\
vtklibharu-9.3.lib\
vtklibproj-9.3.lib\
vtklibxml2-9.3.lib\
vtkloguru-9.3.lib\
vtklz4-9.3.lib\
vtklzma-9.3.lib\
vtkmetaio-9.3.lib\
vtknetcdf-9.3.lib\
vtkogg-9.3.lib\
vtkParallelCore-9.3.lib\
vtkParallelDIY-9.3.lib\
vtkpng-9.3.lib\
vtkpugixml-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingAnnotation-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingCellGrid-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingContext2D-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingContextOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingCore-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingFreeType-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingGL2PSOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingHyperTreeGrid-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingImage-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingLabel-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingLICOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingLOD-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingQt-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingSceneGraph-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingUI-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingVolume-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingVolumeOpenGL2-9.3.lib\
vtkRenderingVtkJS-9.3.lib\
vtksqlite-9.3.lib\
vtksys-9.3.lib\
vtkTestingCore-9.3.lib\
vtkTestingRendering-9.3.lib\
vtktheora-9.3.lib\
vtktiff-9.3.lib\
vtktoken-9.3.lib\
vtkverdict-9.3.lib\
vtkViewsContext2D-9.3.lib\
vtkViewsCore-9.3.lib\
vtkViewsInfovis-9.3.lib\
vtkViewsQt-9.3.lib\
vtkWrappingTools-9.3.lib\
vtkzlib-9.3.lib
SOURCES += \
main.cpp \
mainwindow.cpp
HEADERS += \
mainwindow.h
FORMS += \
mainwindow.ui
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
然后打开ui文件，在页面中添加一个widget，然后点击右键选择提升为输入QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget，其提升为QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget，然后进行编译。
修改mainwindow.cpp文件，添加测试代码
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <vtkCylinderSource.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.h>
#include <vtkNamedColors.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
#include "vtkAutoInit.h"
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingVolumeOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
, ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat(QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget::defaultFormat());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkNamedColors> colors = vtkSmartPointer<vtkNamedColors>::New();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource> sphereSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> sphereMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
sphereMapper->SetInputConnection(sphereSource->GetOutputPort());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> sphereActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
sphereActor->SetMapper(sphereMapper);
//sphereActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor4d("Tomato").GetData());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
renderer->AddActor(sphereActor);
renderer->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("SteelBlue").GetData());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow> renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow>::New();
renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
renderWindow->SetWindowName("RenderWindowNoUIFile");
renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
renderWindow->SetWindowName("RenderWindowNoUIFile");
auto renW=ui->widget;
renW->setRenderWindow(renderWindow);
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete ui;
}
运行，出现如下结果。
3.2 使用cmake管理项目
操作同上，创建新项目，选择cmake管理，然后修改cmake文件如下：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(vtk_cmake VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
find_package(QT NAMES Qt6 Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)
find_package(Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)
#find package vtk
set(VTK_DIR "path/VTK/lib/cmake/vtk-9.3")
find_package(VTK 9.3 REQUIRED)
set(PROJECT_SOURCES
main.cpp
mainwindow.cpp
mainwindow.h
mainwindow.ui
)
if(${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} GREATER_EQUAL 6)
qt_add_executable(vtk_cmake
MANUAL_FINALIZATION
${PROJECT_SOURCES}
)
# Define target properties for Android with Qt 6 as:
# set_property(TARGET vtk_cmake APPEND PROPERTY QT_ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR
# ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android)
# For more information, see https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qt-add-executable.html#target-creation
else()
if(ANDROID)
add_library(vtk_cmake SHARED
${PROJECT_SOURCES}
)
# Define properties for Android with Qt 5 after find_package() calls as:
# set(ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android")
else()
add_executable(vtk_cmake
${PROJECT_SOURCES}
)
endif()
endif()
target_link_libraries(vtk_cmake PRIVATE Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::Widgets
Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::OpenGL
${VTK_LIBRARIES})
vtk_module_autoinit(TARGETS vtk_cmake MODULES ${VTK_LIBRARIES})
# Qt for iOS sets MACOSX_BUNDLE_GUI_IDENTIFIER automatically since Qt 6.1.
# If you are developing for iOS or macOS you should consider setting an
# explicit, fixed bundle identifier manually though.
if(${QT_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 6.1.0)
set(BUNDLE_ID_OPTION MACOSX_BUNDLE_GUI_IDENTIFIER com.example.vtk_cmake)
endif()
set_target_properties(vtk_cmake PROPERTIES
${BUNDLE_ID_OPTION}
MACOSX_BUNDLE_BUNDLE_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
MACOSX_BUNDLE_SHORT_VERSION_STRING ${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}
MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE
WIN32_EXECUTABLE TRUE
)
include(GNUInstallDirs)
install(TARGETS vtk_cmake
BUNDLE DESTINATION .
LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
)
if(QT_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL 6)
qt_finalize_executable(vtk_cmake)
endif()
和上述一样，在ui文件中添加widget并将其提示为QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget。然后修改mainwindow.cpp，添加测试代码。
#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "./ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <vtkCylinderSource.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera.h>
#include <vtkNamedColors.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkSphereSource.h>
#include <vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow.h>
#include "vtkAutoInit.h"
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingVolumeOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
, ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
QSurfaceFormat::setDefaultFormat(QVTKOpenGLNativeWidget::defaultFormat());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkNamedColors> colors = vtkSmartPointer<vtkNamedColors>::New();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource> sphereSource = vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> sphereMapper = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
sphereMapper->SetInputConnection(sphereSource->GetOutputPort());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> sphereActor = vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
sphereActor->SetMapper(sphereMapper);
//sphereActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor4d("Tomato").GetData());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer = vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
renderer->AddActor(sphereActor);
renderer->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("SteelBlue").GetData());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow> renderWindow = vtkSmartPointer<vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow>::New();
renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
renderWindow->SetWindowName("RenderWindowNoUIFile");
renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
renderWindow->SetWindowName("RenderWindowNoUIFile");
auto renW=ui->widget;
renW->setRenderWindow(renderWindow);
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete ui;
}
运行，出现如下结果。
参考资料
1.https://blog.csdn.net/caoshangpa/article/details/135420524?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%25223F73871A-85DF-4616-9606-7A4C8ABEE5DA%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=3F73871A-85DF-4616-9606-7A4C8ABEE5DA&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2alltop_positive~default-1-135420524-null-null.142v100pc_search_result_base3&utm_term=qt6%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
2.https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43470971/article/details/127352193
3.https://blog.csdn.net/u014170067/article/details/141529399
