nginx访问控制
用于location段
Allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
Deny：设定禁止那台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
比如：
allow 192.168.100.20 192.168.100.30;
deny all;
拒绝某台主机访问nginx状态页面
location /status {
echo "hello";
deny 192.168.100.20;
}
此时使用192.168.100.20来访问
此时是拒绝访问
使用192.168.100.30来访问
开启stub_status模块
stub_status模块主要作用于查看nginx的一些状态信息
location /status {
echo "hello";
stub_status on;
}
访问
Active connections：当前nginx正在处理的活动连接数
Server accepts handled requests：nginx总共处理了63个连接，成功创建63次握手，总共处理了62个请求
Reading：nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数
Writing：nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数
Waiting：开启keep-alive的情况下，这个值等于active-（reading+writing），意思就是nginx已经处理完成，正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。所以，在访问效率高、请求很快就被处理完毕的情况下，waiting数比较多是正常的。如果reading+writing数较多，则说明并发访问量非常大，正在处理过程中。
当allow和deny同时存在时
location /status {
stub_status on;
allow 192.168.100.20;
deny all;
使用192.168.100.20来访问
使用192.168.100.30来访问
拒绝访问
默认访问权限是allow all，所有用户均可访问
1、只允许指定得ip访问，禁止其他ip访问
allow 192.168.100.11;
allow 192.168.100.12;
deny all;
2、只禁止指定的ip访问，允许其他ip访问
deny 192.168.100.11;
deny 192.168.100.12;
allow all;
用户认证
auth_basic “欢迎信息”;
auth_basic_user_file “/path/to/user_auth_file”;
//user_auth_file内容格式
username:password
//这里的密码为加密后的密码串，建议用htpasswd来创建文件
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME
//授权用户
安装httpd-tools软件包
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools
//创建用户密钥文件
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx conf]# htpasswd -c -m .user_auth_file chen
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user chen
[root@nginx conf]# cat .user_auth_file
chen:$apr1$whXqcpS.$EORacQbsq0P6JblZ0ayM5/
//配置nginx（注意auth_basic_user_file必须用绝对路径）
[root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf
location /status {
stub_status on;
auth_basic "welcome to hyedu";
auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.user_auth_file";
}
//ngint -t 测试配置文件并重载配置文件
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -s reload
访问
https配置
Nginx：192.168.100.10
CA：192.168.100.30
//在CA服务器中生成一对密钥
[root@ca ~]# mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/private
[root@ca ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root@ca CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.+++++
....................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@ca CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAvaWtkdtUn3T+pXIvD1Rf
LUGP8NdmlVqwamSU7fxqRA5BiWi7gKsNpnSBHlXGJ3PeFBRbNfff/IOpZLnMWDB4
OKDp63pB4OcB3GKWNoJsDYEg5m4HYdhHjJRywTkfmuUNoIok8fBg6gsYYHov9EVK
tmV9FTZBRIPSq7hiVm8dYPDFsuAhvi5CUxGO/VEXRsiJvePSQ1IAaMYUv/mDDMKC
GXX/qvyWPRMA6KdFmr6hO32jbY3fzllzfQpN3tjNrXbQPRa1o6GFQ9nQC8kHzo5L
qtRdeJ0ZMqQyU76f6kJQwcBPS2t/ByTGxq8DRAiVATNK2xO3LuNvfCv+CYRYuVwV
bwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
[root@ca CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 1024
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:huayu
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:chen
Email Address []:cy@example.com
//在nginix中生成证书签署请求，发送给CA
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx conf]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
................................................................................+++++
............................................................................................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx conf]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 1024 -out httpd.csr
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:huayu
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:chen
Email Address []:cy@example.com
[root@nginx conf]# ls
httpd.csr httpd.key
[root@nginx conf]# scp httpd.csr root@192.168.100.30:/root/
//在CA主机中查看
[root@ca ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents httpd.csr
//CA签署证书并发送给NGINX
[root@ca ~]# mkdir /etc/pki/CA/newcerts
[root@ca ~]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
[root@ca ~]# echo "01" > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@ca ~]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 1024
[root@ca ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents httpd.crt initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates
Desktop Downloads httpd.csr
//将CA签署的证书httpd.crt和服务器的证书cacert.pem发送给nginx
[root@ca ~]# scp httpd.crt root@192.168.100.10:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@ca ~]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem root@192.168.100.10:/usr/local/nginx/conf/
//nginx配置https
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate httpd.crt;
ssl_certificate_key httpd.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
//nginx -t 测试配置文件
[root@nginx conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
//编辑测试网页，重载服务，验证
[root@nginx conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# echo "hello" > index.html
[root@nginx html]# nginx -s reload
访问
