利用扩散模型DDPM生成高分辨率图像（生成高保真图像项目实践）

Mindspore框架利用扩散模型DDPM生成高分辨率图像|（一）关于denoising diffusion probabilistic model （DDPM）模型
Mindspore框架利用扩散模型DDPM生成高分辨率图像|（二）数据集准备与处理
Mindspore框架利用扩散模型DDPM生成高分辨率图像|（三）模型训练与推理实践

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一、扩散模型DDPM模型训练

扩散模型生成新图像是通过反转扩散过程来实现。理想情况下，我们最终会得到一个看起来像是来自真实数据分布的图像。

def p_sample(model, x, t, t_index):
    betas_t = extract(betas, t, x.shape)
    sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t = extract(
        sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod, t, x.shape
    )
    sqrt_recip_alphas_t = extract(sqrt_recip_alphas, t, x.shape)
    model_mean = sqrt_recip_alphas_t * (x - betas_t * model(x, t) / sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t)

    if t_index == 0:
        return model_mean
    posterior_variance_t = extract(posterior_variance, t, x.shape)
    noise = randn_like(x)
    return model_mean + ops.sqrt(posterior_variance_t) * noise

def p_sample_loop(model, shape):
    b = shape[0]
    # 从纯噪声开始
    img = randn(shape, dtype=None)
    imgs = []

    for i in tqdm(reversed(range(0, timesteps)), desc='sampling loop time step', total=timesteps):
        img = p_sample(model, img, ms.numpy.full((b,), i, dtype=mstype.int32), i)
        imgs.append(img.asnumpy())
    return imgs

def sample(model, image_size, batch_size=16, channels=3):
    return p_sample_loop(model, shape=(batch_size, channels, image_size, image_size))

1.1 模型初始化

# 定义动态学习率
lr = nn.cosine_decay_lr(min_lr=1e-7, max_lr=1e-4, total_step=10*3750, step_per_epoch=3750, decay_epoch=10)

# 定义 Unet模型
unet_model = Unet(
    dim=image_size,
    channels=channels,
    dim_mults=(1, 2, 4,)
)

name_list = []
for (name, par) in list(unet_model.parameters_and_names()):
    name_list.append(name)
i = 0
for item in list(unet_model.trainable_params()):
    item.name = name_list[i]
    i += 1

# 定义优化器
optimizer = nn.Adam(unet_model.trainable_params(), learning_rate=lr)
loss_scaler = DynamicLossScaler(65536, 2, 1000)

# 定义前向过程
def forward_fn(data, t, noise=None):
    loss = p_losses(unet_model, data, t, noise)
    return loss

# 计算梯度
grad_fn = ms.value_and_grad(forward_fn, None, optimizer.parameters, has_aux=False)

# 梯度更新
def train_step(data, t, noise):
    loss, grads = grad_fn(data, t, noise)
    optimizer(grads)
    return loss

1.2 模型训练

import time

epochs = 10

iterator = dataset.create_tuple_iterator(num_epochs=epochs)
for epoch in range(epochs):
    begin_time = time.time()
    for step, batch in enumerate(iterator):
        unet_model.set_train()
        batch_size = batch[0].shape[0]
        t = randint(0, timesteps, (batch_size,), dtype=ms.int32)
        noise = randn_like(batch[0])
        loss = train_step(batch[0], t, noise)

        if step % 500 == 0:
            print(" epoch: ", epoch, " step: ", step, " Loss: ", loss)
    end_time = time.time()
    times = end_time - begin_time
    print("training time:", times, "s")
    # 展示随机采样效果
    unet_model.set_train(False)
    samples = sample(unet_model, image_size=image_size, batch_size=64, channels=channels)
    plt.imshow(samples[-1][5].reshape(image_size, image_size, channels), cmap="gray")
print("Training Success!")

二、模型推理预测

2.1 推理过程

从模型中采样

# 采样64个图片
unet_model.set_train(False)
samples = sample(unet_model, image_size=image_size, batch_size=64, channels=channels)
# 展示一个随机效果
# random_index = 5
# plt.imshow(samples[-1][random_index].reshape(image_size, image_size, channels), cmap="gray")

创建去噪过程

import matplotlib.animation as animation

random_index = 53

fig = plt.figure()
ims = []
for i in range(timesteps):
    im = plt.imshow(samples[i][random_index].reshape(image_size, image_size, channels), cmap="gray", animated=True)
    ims.append([im])

animate = animation.ArtistAnimation(fig, ims, interval=50, blit=True, repeat_delay=100)
animate.save('diffusion.gif')
plt.show()

三、参考文献

1. The Annotated Diffusion Model
2. 由浅入深了解Diffusion Model
3. Diffusion扩散模型