Cassandra数据库与Cql实战笔记

文章目录

- 启动数据库
- - 查看数据库节点启动成功状态
- 关闭数据库
- 使用cqlsh工具
- 常见命令
- - 查看集群信息
- 数据定义命令
- 数据操作命令
- 操作健空间
- - 创建Keyspace
  - 连接健空间
  - 删除健空间
  - 创建表
  - 主键
  - 表修改
  - - 添加列
    - 删除列
    - 删除表
    - 清空表
  - 添加数据
  - - 数据过期时间
  - 查询数据
  - 更新数据
  - - 更新简单数据
    - 更新set类型数据
    - - 添加一个元素
      - 删除一个元素
      - 删除所有元素
    - 更新list类型数据
    - - 使用UPDATA命令向list插入值
      - 在list前面插入值
      - 在list后面插入值
    - 更新map类型数据
    - - 使用insert和update命令
      - 删除元素
      - 可以用DELETE 和 UPDATE 删除Map类型中的数据
    - 删除行

启动数据库

[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$ pwd
/home/database/apache-cassandra-3.11.7/bin
#启动数据库
[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$ ./cassandra

成功标志：

查看数据库节点启动成功状态

[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$ ./nodetool status
Datacenter: datacenter1
=======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address         Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
DN  192.168.10.11   ?          256          100.0%            3240fa95-cc32-40f9-8c5d-ff53b9b86adc  rack1
UN  192.168.10.141  405.56 KiB  256          100.0%            468c9c1c-a1d4-4eda-a59a-31793df44d10  rack1

[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$

关闭数据库

杀掉数据库进程相关的pid号即可！！

[root@node3 ~]# kill -9 106206
[root@node3 ~]# ps -ef | grep cassandra
root     119880 103558  0 10:39 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto cassandra
[root@node3 ~]#

使用cqlsh工具

[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$ ./cqlsh 192.168.10.141 9042
Connected to Test Cluster at 192.168.10.141:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.7 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v3]
Use HELP for help.
cqlsh>

常见命令

查看集群信息

cqlsh> describe cluster;

Cluster: Test Cluster
Partitioner: Murmur3Partitioner
cqlsh> DESCRIBE tables;

Keyspace system_schema
----------------------
tables     triggers    views    keyspaces  dropped_columns
functions  aggregates  indexes  types      columns        

Keyspace system_auth
--------------------
resource_role_permissons_index  role_permissions  role_members  roles

Keyspace system
---------------
available_ranges          peers               batchlog        transferred_ranges
batches                   compaction_history  size_estimates  hints             
prepared_statements       sstable_activity    built_views   
"IndexInfo"               peer_events         range_xfers   
views_builds_in_progress  paxos               local         

Keyspace system_distributed
---------------------------
repair_history  view_build_status  parent_repair_history

Keyspace system_traces
----------------------
events  sessions

Keyspace flowmonitoringsystem
-----------------------------
auth_28_tcp_alarm_value  auth_28_tcp_flow                auth_28_node
auth_28_alarm_config     auth_28_business_number_index   user        
auth_28_server           auth_ip_alarm_config          
auth_28_link             auth_28_thrice_hand_shake     
auth_28_second           auth_28_second_alarm_history  
auth_28_mode_config      auth_28_tcp_flow_alarm_history
auth_28_second_history   ywzd_user                     

cqlsh> use system_traces；
Invalid syntax at line 1, char 18
  use system_traces；
                   ^
cqlsh> use system_traces;
cqlsh:system_traces> DESCRIBE tables

events  sessions

cqlsh:system_traces> describe sessions

CREATE TABLE system_traces.sessions (
    session_id uuid PRIMARY KEY,
    client inet,
    command text,
    coordinator inet,
    coordinator_port int,
    duration int,
    parameters map<text, text>,
    request text,
    started_at timestamp
) WITH bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.01
    AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'}
    AND comment = 'tracing sessions'
    AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.SizeTieredCompactionStrategy', 'max_threshold': '32', 'min_threshold': '4'}
    AND compression = {'chunk_length_in_kb': '64', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.LZ4Compressor'}
    AND crc_check_chance = 1.0
    AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.0
    AND default_time_to_live = 0
    AND gc_grace_seconds = 0
    AND max_index_interval = 2048
    AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 3600000
    AND min_index_interval = 128
    AND read_repair_chance = 0.0
    AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE';

cqlsh:system_traces> show
Improper show command.
cqlsh:system_traces> SHOW 
Improper SHOW command.
cqlsh:system_traces> quit;
[zdaxctid@node3 bin]$ ./cqlsh 192.168.10.141 9042
Connected to Test Cluster at 192.168.10.141:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.7 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v3]
Use HELP for help.
cqlsh> show
Improper show command.
cqlsh> showkey
   ... 
   ... ;
SyntaxException: line 1:0 no viable alternative at input 'showkey' ([showkey]...)
cqlsh> 
cqlsh> show host
Connected to Test Cluster at 192.168.10.141:9042.
cqlsh> show session
Improper show command.
cqlsh> show version
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.7 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v3]
cqlsh>

数据定义命令

数据操作命令

操作健空间

创建Keyspace

语法

cqlsh> create keyspace school with replication={'class':'SimpleStrategy','replication_factor':3};

school         system_auth  system_distributed  flowmonitoringsystem
system_schema  system       system_traces     

cqlsh> describe school;

CREATE KEYSPACE school WITH replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': '3'}  AND durable_writes = true;

cqlsh>

连接健空间

cqlsh> use school;
cqlsh:school> alter keyspace school with replication={'class':'SimpleStrategy','replication_factor':1};

删除健空间

cqlsh:school> drop keyspace school;
cqlsh:school> 
cqlsh:school> 
cqlsh:school> describe keyspaces;

system_schema  system              system_traces       
system_auth    system_distributed  flowmonitoringsystem

cqlsh:school>

创建表

创建语句类似于sql语句！

create table student(
	id int primary key,
    name text,
    age int,
    gender tinyint,
    address text,
    interest set<text>,
    phone list<text>,
    education map<text,text>
);

cqlsh:test> create table student(
        ... id int primary key,
        ...     name text,
        ...     age int,
        ...     gender tinyint,
        ...     address text,
        ...     interest set<text>,
        ...     phone list<text>,
        ...     education map<text,text>
        ... );
Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your nodes in system.local and system.peers.
cqlsh:test> describe test

CREATE KEYSPACE test WITH replication = {'class': 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': '1'}  AND durable_writes = true;

CREATE TABLE test.student (
    id int PRIMARY KEY,
    address text,
    age int,
    education map<text, text>,
    gender tinyint,
    interest set<text>,
    name text,
    phone list<text>
) WITH bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.01
    AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'}
    AND comment = ''
    AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.SizeTieredCompactionStrategy', 'max_threshold': '32', 'min_threshold': '4'}
    AND compression = {'chunk_length_in_kb': '64', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.LZ4Compressor'}
    AND crc_check_chance = 1.0
    AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.1
    AND default_time_to_live = 0
    AND gc_grace_seconds = 864000
    AND max_index_interval = 2048
    AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 0
    AND min_index_interval = 128
    AND read_repair_chance = 0.0
    AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE';

cqlsh:test> describe tables;

student

cqlsh:test>

主键

create table testTab(
	key_part_one int,
	key_part_two int,
	key_clust_one int,
	key_clust_two int,
	key_clust_three uuid,
	name text,
	primary key((key_part_one,key_part_two),key_clust_one,key_clust_two,key_clust_three)
);

cqlsh:test> use test01;
cqlsh:test01> create table testTab(
          ... key_part_one int,
          ... key_part_two int,
          ... key_clust_one int,
          ... key_clust_two int,
          ... key_clust_three uuid,
          ... name text,
          ... primary key((key_part_one,key_part_two),key_clust_one,key_clust_two,key_clust_three)
          ... );

Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your nodes in system.local and system.peers.
cqlsh:test01> 
cqlsh:test01> 
cqlsh:test01> describe tables;

testtab

cqlsh:test01> select * from testab
          ... ;
InvalidRequest: Error from server: code=2200 [Invalid query] message="unconfigured table testab"
cqlsh:test01> select * from testtab;

 key_part_one | key_part_two | key_clust_one | key_clust_two | key_clust_three | name
--------------+--------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+------

(0 rows)
cqlsh:test01>

表修改

添加列

cqlsh:test> alter table testtab add email text;

cqlsh:test> describe keyspaces;

system_schema  system              test           test01              
system_auth    system_distributed  system_traces  flowmonitoringsystem

cqlsh:test> describe tables;

testtab  student

cqlsh:test> alter table testtab add email text;

Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your nodes in system.local and system.peers.
cqlsh:test> 
cqlsh:test> describe testtab;

CREATE TABLE test.testtab (
    key_part_one int,
    key_part_two int,
    key_clust_one int,
    key_clust_two int,
    key_clust_three uuid,
    email text,
    name text,
    PRIMARY KEY ((key_part_one, key_part_two), key_clust_one, key_clust_two, key_clust_three)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (key_clust_one ASC, key_clust_two ASC, key_clust_three ASC)
    AND bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.01
    AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'}
    AND comment = ''
    AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.SizeTieredCompactionStrategy', 'max_threshold': '32', 'min_threshold': '4'}
    AND compression = {'chunk_length_in_kb': '64', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.LZ4Compressor'}
    AND crc_check_chance = 1.0
    AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.1
    AND default_time_to_live = 0
    AND gc_grace_seconds = 864000
    AND max_index_interval = 2048
    AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 0
    AND min_index_interval = 128
    AND read_repair_chance = 0.0
    AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE';

cqlsh:test>

删除列

cqlsh:test> alter table testtab drop email;

cqlsh:test> alter table testtab drop email;
Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your nodes in system.local and system.peers.
cqlsh:test> describe testtab;

CREATE TABLE test.testtab (
    key_part_one int,
    key_part_two int,
    key_clust_one int,
    key_clust_two int,
    key_clust_three uuid,
    name text,
    PRIMARY KEY ((key_part_one, key_part_two), key_clust_one, key_clust_two, key_clust_three)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (key_clust_one ASC, key_clust_two ASC, key_clust_three ASC)
    AND bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.01
    AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'}
    AND comment = ''
    AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.SizeTieredCompactionStrategy', 'max_threshold': '32', 'min_threshold': '4'}
    AND compression = {'chunk_length_in_kb': '64', 'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.LZ4Compressor'}
    AND crc_check_chance = 1.0
    AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.1
    AND default_time_to_live = 0
    AND gc_grace_seconds = 864000
    AND max_index_interval = 2048
    AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 0
    AND min_index_interval = 128
    AND read_repair_chance = 0.0
    AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE';

cqlsh:test>

删除表

cqlsh:test> drop table testtab;

cqlsh:test> drop table testtab;

Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your nodes in system.local and system.peers.
cqlsh:test> 
cqlsh:test> describe tables;

student

cqlsh:test> select * from testtab;
InvalidRequest: Error from server: code=2200 [Invalid query] message="unconfigured table testtab"
cqlsh:test>

清空表

cqlsh:test> truncate student;

添加数据

INSERT INTO student (id,address,age,gender,name,interest, phone,education) VALUES (1011,'中山路21号',16,1,'Tom',{'游泳', '跑步'},['010-88888888','13888888888'],{'小学' : '城市第一小学', '中学' : '城市第一中学'})

INSERT INTO student (id,address,age,gender,name,interest, phone,education) VALUES (1012,'朝阳路19号',17,2,'Jerry',{'看书', '电影'},['020-66666666','13666666666'],{'小学' :'城市第五小学','中学':'城市第六中学'});

数据过期时间

using ttl 30

数据30秒以后清空！

INSERT INTO student (id,address,age,gender,name,interest, phone,education) VALUES (1013,'朝阳路19号',17,2,'Linghu',{'看书', '电影'},['020-66666666','13666666666'],{'小学' :'城市第五小学','中学':'城市第六中学'})using ttl 30;

查询数据

cqlsh:test> select * from student where id = 1011;

更新数据

更新简单数据

更新表中的数据：

cqlsh:test> update student set gender = 0 where id = 1011;

更新set类型数据

在student表中，interest列是set类型

添加一个元素

update和+

cqlsh:test> update student set interest = interest+{'打太极'} where id = 1011;

删除一个元素

update和-

cqlsh:test> update student set interest = interest-{'打太极'} where id = 1011;

删除所有元素

update或者delete命令

UPDATE student SET interest = {} WHERE student_id = 1012;
或
DELETE interest FROM student WHERE student_id = 1012;

更新list类型数据

在student中phone就是list类型

使用UPDATA命令向list插入值

cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = [‘020-66666666’, ‘13666666666’,‘1714873054’] WHERE id = 1012;

在list前面插入值

cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = [ ‘030-55555555’ ] + phone WHERE id = 1012;

在list后面插入值

cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = phone + [ ‘040-33333333’ ] WHERE id = 1012;

#使用UPDATA命令向list插入值
cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = ['020-66666666', '13666666666','1714873054'] WHERE id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;

 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name  | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+-------+-----------------------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |   Tom |               ['010-88888888', '13888888888']
 1012 | 朝阳路19号 |  17 | {'中学': '城市第六中学', '小学': '城市第五小学'} |   null | {'电影', '看书'} | Jerry | ['020-66666666', '13666666666', '1714873054']

(2 rows)
#在list前面插入值
cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = [ '030-55555555' ] + phone WHERE id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;

 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name  | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |   Tom |                               ['010-88888888', '13888888888']
 1012 | 朝阳路19号 |  17 | {'中学': '城市第六中学', '小学': '城市第五小学'} |   null | {'电影', '看书'} | Jerry | ['030-55555555', '020-66666666', '13666666666', '1714873054']

(2 rows)
#在list后面插入值
cqlsh:test> UPDATE student SET phone = phone + [ '040-33333333' ]  WHERE id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;

 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name  | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |   Tom |                                               ['010-88888888', '13888888888']
 1012 | 朝阳路19号 |  17 | {'中学': '城市第六中学', '小学': '城市第五小学'} |   null | {'电影', '看书'} | Jerry | ['030-55555555', '020-66666666', '13666666666', '1714873054', '040-33333333']

(2 rows)
cqlsh:test>

更新map类型数据

map输出顺序取决于map类型。

使用insert和update命令

cqlsh:test> update student set education = {'中学':'桐梓一中','小学':'南天门'} where id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;
 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name  | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |   Tom |                                               ['010-88888888', '13888888888']
 1012 | 朝阳路19号 |  17 |           {'中学': '桐梓一中', '小学': '南天门'} |   null | {'电影', '看书'} | Jerry | ['030-55555555', '020-66666666', '13666666666', '1714873054', '040-33333333']

(2 rows)
cqlsh:test>

删除元素

可以用DELETE 和 UPDATE 删除Map类型中的数据

使用DELETE删除数据可以用DELETE 和 UPDATE 删除Map类型中的数据

使用DELETE删除数据

cqlsh:test> delete education['中学'] from student where id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;
 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name  | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |   Tom |                                               ['010-88888888', '13888888888']
 1012 | 朝阳路19号 |  17 |                               {'小学': '南天门'} |   null | {'电影', '看书'} | Jerry | ['030-55555555', '020-66666666', '13666666666', '1714873054', '040-33333333']

(2 rows)
cqlsh:test>

删除行

删除student中student_id=1012 的数据

cqlsh:test> delete from student where id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;

 id   | address    | age | education                                        | gender | interest         | name | phone
------+------------+-----+--------------------------------------------------+--------+------------------+------+---------------------------------
 1011 | 中山路21号 |  16 | {'中学': '城市第一中学', '小学': '城市第一小学'} |      0 | {'游泳', '跑步'} |  Tom | ['010-88888888', '13888888888']

(1 rows)
cqlsh:test>

create table authtype(

id int primary key,

auth_type text,

foreing key (auth_type) references hostinfo (id)

);

delete from student where id = 1012;
cqlsh:test> select * from student;

id | address | age | education | gender | interest | name | phone
------±-----------±----±-------------------------------------------------±-------±-----------------±-----±--------------------------------
1011 | 中山路21号 | 16 | {‘中学’: ‘城市第一中学’, ‘小学’: ‘城市第一小学’} | 0 | {‘游泳’, ‘跑步’} | Tom | [‘010-88888888’, ‘13888888888’]

(1 rows)
cqlsh:test>