三大不安全案例
1、车站买票
package syn;
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"xiaoming").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"xiaozhang").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"xiaowang").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
buy();
}
}
private void buy(){
//判断是否有票
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
线程不安全,出现负数
假设只剩下最后一张票,三个人同时去买票,由于每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致(互不影响),因此一个人拿了最后一张票,一个人拿了第0张票,一个人拿了-1张票。如下图:
2、银行取钱
package syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girl = new Drawing(account,100,"girl");
you.start();
girl.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money,String name){
this.money=money;
this.name=name;
}
}
//银行;模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
}
}
3、不安全集合
package syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
小于10000的原因:可能同一时刻两个线程添加到了集合里面同一个位置。