Python和tkinter实现的字母记忆配对游戏

因为这个小游戏用到了tkinter，先简要介绍一下它。tkinter是Python的标准GUI(图形用户界面)库，它提供了一种简单而强大的方式来创建图形界面应用程序。它提供了创建基本图形界面所需的所有工具，同时保持了相对简单的学习曲线。tkinter是Python的内置库，无需额外安装。

messagebox是tkinter中用于创建各种类型的消息对话框的模块，需要注意的是messagebox是tkinter的一个子模块。为了正确使用messagebox，你需要从tkinter中单独导入它。

这个小游戏具有重新开始和难度设置功能。

“游戏”菜单，包含“新游戏”选项，点击它或完成一局游戏后,会自动开始新游戏。

“难度”菜单，难度设置，包含简单、中等和困难三个选项。

简单难度： 4x2 网格，8个方块

中等难度： 4x3 网格，12个方块

困难难度： 4x4 网格，16个方块

运行界面：

现在Python和tkinter实现字母记忆配对游戏源码，先看使用面向过程风格的版本源码：

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox 
import random

def setup_menu(root, difficulty, new_game_func):
    """设置游戏菜单"""
    menubar = tk.Menu(root)
    root.config(menu=menubar)
    
    # 创建"游戏"菜单
    game_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
    menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=game_menu)
    game_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=new_game_func)
    
    # 创建"难度"菜单
    difficulty_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
    menubar.add_cascade(label="难度", menu=difficulty_menu)
    difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="简单", variable=difficulty, value="简单", command=new_game_func)
    difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="中等", variable=difficulty, value="中等", command=new_game_func)
    difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="困难", variable=difficulty, value="困难", command=new_game_func)

def create_button(frame, row, col, on_click_func):
    """创建游戏按钮"""
    button = tk.Button(frame, text='', width=10, height=5, 
                       command=lambda: on_click_func(row, col))
    button.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=5, pady=5)
    return button

def new_game():
    """开始新游戏"""
    global matches_found, first_click, buttons, symbols
    
    matches_found = 0
    first_click = None
    
    # 清除旧的游戏布局
    for widget in frame.winfo_children():
        widget.destroy()
    
    buttons = []
    
    # 根据难度设置游戏布局和符号
    if difficulty.get() == "简单":
        rows, cols = 4, 2
        symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] * 2
    elif difficulty.get() == "中等":
        rows, cols = 4, 3
        symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'] * 2
    else:  # 困难
        rows, cols = 4, 4
        symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H'] * 2
    
    random.shuffle(symbols)
    
    # 创建游戏按钮
    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(cols):
            button = create_button(frame, i, j, on_click)
            buttons.append(button)

def on_click(row, col):
    """处理按钮点击事件"""
    global first_click, matches_found
    
    index = row * len(frame.grid_slaves()) // 4 + col
    button = buttons[index]
    
    if button['text'] == '':
        button['text'] = symbols[index]
        
        if first_click is None:
            first_click = (index, button)
        else:
            if symbols[index] == first_click[1]['text']:
                matches_found += 1
                if matches_found == len(symbols) // 2:
                    tk.messagebox.showinfo("恭喜", "你赢了！")
                    new_game()
            else:
                # 如果不匹配，0.5秒后隐藏按钮
                root.after(500, hide_buttons, index, first_click[0])
            first_click = None

def hide_buttons(index1, index2):
    """隐藏不匹配的按钮"""
    buttons[index1]['text'] = ''
    buttons[index2]['text'] = ''

# 主程序
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("字母记忆配对游戏")
root.geometry("400x450")  # 设置窗口的宽度为400像素，高度为450像素

difficulty = tk.StringVar()
difficulty.set("简单")  # 默认难度为简单

frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.pack()

setup_menu(root, difficulty, new_game)

# 初始化游戏变量
matches_found = 0
first_click = None
buttons = []
symbols = []

new_game()  # 开始第一局游戏

root.mainloop()  # 启动主事件循环

上面是使用面向过程风格的版本，下面改写为使用面向对象风格的版本，源码如下：

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox 
import random

class MemoryGame:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.title("字母记忆配对游戏")
        self.master.geometry("400x450") #设置了窗体的宽度为400像素，高度为450像素
        
        self.buttons = []
        self.first_click = None
        self.matches_found = 0
        
        self.difficulty = tk.StringVar()
        self.difficulty.set("简单")
        
        self.setup_menu()
        self.setup_game()
        
    def setup_menu(self):
        menubar = tk.Menu(self.master)
        self.master.config(menu=menubar)
        
        game_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="游戏", menu=game_menu)
        game_menu.add_command(label="新游戏", command=self.new_game)
        
        difficulty_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="难度", menu=difficulty_menu)
        difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="简单", variable=self.difficulty, value="简单", command=self.new_game)
        difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="中等", variable=self.difficulty, value="中等", command=self.new_game)
        difficulty_menu.add_radiobutton(label="困难", variable=self.difficulty, value="困难", command=self.new_game)
        
    def setup_game(self):
        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.master)
        self.frame.pack()
        
        self.new_game()
        
    def new_game(self):
        self.matches_found = 0
        self.first_click = None
        
        for widget in self.frame.winfo_children():
            widget.destroy()
        
        self.buttons = []
        
        if self.difficulty.get() == "简单":
            rows, cols = 4, 2
            symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] * 2
        elif self.difficulty.get() == "中等":
            rows, cols = 4, 3
            symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'] * 2
        else:  # 困难
            rows, cols = 4, 4
            symbols = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H'] * 2
        
        random.shuffle(symbols)
        
        for i in range(rows):
            for j in range(cols):
                button = tk.Button(self.frame, text='', width=10, height=5, 
                                   command=lambda x=i, y=j: self.on_click(x, y))
                button.grid(row=i, column=j, padx=5, pady=5)
                self.buttons.append(button)
        
        self.symbols = symbols
    
    def on_click(self, row, col):
        index = row * len(self.frame.grid_slaves()) // 4 + col
        button = self.buttons[index]
        
        if button['text'] == '':
            button['text'] = self.symbols[index]
            
            if self.first_click is None:
                self.first_click = (index, button)
            else:
                if self.symbols[index] == self.first_click[1]['text']:
                    self.matches_found += 1
                    if self.matches_found == len(self.symbols) // 2:
                        tk.messagebox.showinfo("恭喜", "你赢了！")
                        self.new_game()
                else:
                    # 如果不匹配，0.5秒后隐藏按钮
                    self.master.after(500, self.hide_buttons, index, self.first_click[0])
                self.first_click = None
    
    def hide_buttons(self, index1, index2):
        self.buttons[index1]['text'] = ''
        self.buttons[index2]['text'] = ''

root = tk.Tk()
game = MemoryGame(root)
root.mainloop()