RAG 进阶 LlamaIndex多文档

前言

我们一起来学习LlamaIndex功能更完善的多文档RAG，大家可以参照官方文档来对比学习。

Advanced RAG - LlamaIndex Multi-Doc Agent

单个文档RAG Agent流程

我们结合上图来理解一下文档的处理流程。Document就是文档,它会被解析成多个数据节点(Node),类似RAG 进阶半结构化数据中element的概念。LlamaIndex确实在文档RAG这块有它的优势，在这块LangChain可以将阵地交给它。

当文档被分割为节点后，我们开始创建索引。索引包括Summary Index和Vector Index。摘要索引是每个节点的摘要，每个节点都有摘要索引，方便基于摘要进行检索。Vector Index是对文档的索引和向量存储。
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有了索引，我们就可以基于`LlamaIndex`提供的工具封装成Query Engine Tool,形式是函数。

最后GPT-4根据情况调用相应的Query Engine Tool 函数, 完成工作。我们就为用户提供了文档RAG检索的Agent（代理）。

多个文档RAG Agent 流程

现在我们有多份文档，每份文档根据上面的流程会被包装成独立的Agent。

在上图中，每个Query Engine Tool由一个叫Object Index的对象索引来管理。Object Index 了解每个Query Engine Tool的内容，到时它知道应该调用哪个文档。有了Object Index 我们就可以实例化Retriever, 生成Agent For QA，结合LLM一起work。

我们看下QA Agent的prmpt。他告诉LLM, 总是使用Object Index管理的Query Engine Tools回答问题。

实战

在这个例子中，我们会使用到一下LlamaIndex的组件

VectorStoreIndex 文本数据的向量化做的存储
SummaryIndex 文本摘要信息做的索引
ObjectIndex 对QueryEngineTool和Agent进行的索引
QueryEngineTool 查询引擎工具的实现类
OpenAIAgent openai 代理
FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent 检索器代理

Let’s coding!

安装LlamaIndex

css

复制代码!pip install llama-index -q -U

准备openai

lua复制代码import os 
import openai

os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"]="your valid openai api key"
openai.api_key = os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY]

LlamaIndex 组件引入

javascript复制代码from llama_index import(
    VectorStoreIndex,
    SummaryIndex,
    SimpleDirectoryReader,
    ServiceContext
)
from llama_index.tools import QueryEngineTool, ToolMetaData
from llama_index.llms import OpenAI

文档

我们使用的是欧洲五大联赛维基百科的内容，多文档。RAG要实现的功能能回答五大联赛相关的问题，而且不仅仅是单个联赛，还可以针对多个联赛回答。比如： 请比较英超联赛和西甲联赛的历史，以及在冠军杯的表现。非常期待跨多个文档检索，再合成…

ini复制代码wiki_titles = [
    "Serie A",
    "Premier League",
    "Bundesliga",
    "La Liga",
    "Ligue 1"
]
python复制代码#下载文档
from pathlib import Path
import requests

for title in wiki_titles:
    response = requests.get(
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php",
        params={
            "action":"query",
            "format":"json",
            "titles": title,
            "prop":"extract",
            "explaintext":True,
        },
    ).json()
    page = next(iter(response["query"]["pages"].values()))
    wiki_text = page['extract']
    
    data_path=Path["data"]
    if not data_path.exists():
        Path.mkdir(data_path)
    
    with open(data_path / f"{title}.txt", "w") as fp:
        fp.write(wiki_text)

加载文档

ini复制代码    leagues_docs = {}
    for wiki_title in wiki_titles:
        leagues_docs[wiki_title] = SimpleDirectoryReader(
            input_files=[f"data/{wiki_title}.txt"]
        ).load_data()
    # gpt-3.5-turbo对文本处理已经足够了
    llm = OpenAI(temperature=0, model="gpt-3.5-turbo")
    service_context = ServiceContext.from_defaults(llm=llm)

构建summarize索引和Vector索引

ini复制代码# OpenAI代理
from llama_index.agent import OpenAIAgent 
from llama_index import load_index_from_storage, StorageContext 
# 分割器
from llama_index.node_parser import SentenceSplitter 
import os 
# 实例化分割器
node_parser = SentenceSplitter() # Build agents dictionary 
# agents dict
agents = {} 
# 查询引擎 dict
query_engines = {} # this is for the baseline 
# 所有的节点
all_nodes = [] 
for idx, wiki_title in enumerate(wiki_titles): 
    nodes = node_parser.get_nodes_from_documents(leagues_docs[wiki_title]) 
    all_nodes.extend(nodes) 
    if not os.path.exists(f"./data/{wiki_title}"):
        # build vector index 
        vector_index = VectorStoreIndex(nodes, 
        service_context=service_context) 
        vector_index.storage_context.persist(
            persist_dir=f"./data/{wiki_title}"
        )
    else:
        vector_index = load_index_from_storage( StorageContext.from_defaults(persist_dir=f"./data/{wiki_title}"), service_context=service_context, )
   summary_index = SummaryIndex(nodes, service_context=service_context)
   vector_query_engine = vector_index.as_query_engine()
   summary_query_engine = summary_index.as_query_engine()
   
   query_engine_tools = [ QueryEngineTool( query_engine=vector_query_engine, metadata=ToolMetadata( name="vector_tool", description=( "Useful for questions related to specific aspects of" f" {wiki_title} (e.g. the history, teams " "and performance in EU, or more)." ), ), ), '
   QueryEngineTool( query_engine=summary_query_engine, metadata=ToolMetadata( name="summary_tool", description=( "Useful for any requests that require a holistic summary" f" of EVERYTHING about {wiki_title}. For questions about" " more specific sections, please use the vector_tool." ), ), ), ]
   
   # build agent 
   function_llm = OpenAI(model="gpt-4") 
   agent = OpenAIAgent.from_tools( 
   query_engine_tools, 
   llm=function_llm, 
   verbose=True, 
   system_prompt=f"""\ You are a specialized agent designed to answer queries about {wiki_title}. You must ALWAYS use at least one of the tools provided when answering a question; do NOT rely on prior knowledge.\ """, ) 
   agents[wiki_title] = agent 
   query_engines[wiki_title] = vector_index.as_query_engine( similarity_top_k=2 )

tools

ini复制代码all_tools = [] for wiki_title in wiki_titles: 
    wiki_summary = ( f"This content contains Wikipedia articles about {wiki_title}. Use" f" this tool if you want to answer any questions about {wiki_title}.\n" ) 
    doc_tool = QueryEngineTool( query_engine=agents[wiki_title], 
    metadata=ToolMetadata( name=f"tool_{wiki_title.replace(' ', '_')}", 
    description=wiki_summary, ), ) 
    all_tools.append(doc_tool)

objct index

ini复制代码from llama_index import VectorStoreIndex 
from llama_index.objects import ObjectIndex, SimpleToolNodeMapping 
tool_mapping = SimpleToolNodeMapping.from_objects(all_tools) 
obj_index = ObjectIndex.from_objects( all_tools, tool_mapping, VectorStoreIndex, )

retriever agent

ini复制代码from llama_index.agent import FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent 
top_agent = FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent.from_retriever( 
obj_index.as_retriever(similarity_top_k=3), 
system_prompt=""" \ You are an agent designed to answer queries about the European top football leagues. Please always use the tools provided to answer a question. Do not rely on prior knowledge.\ """, verbose=True, )

查询

ini复制代码from llama_index.agent import FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent 
top_agent = FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent.from_retriever( obj_index.as_retriever(similarity_top_k=3), system_prompt=""" \ You are an agent designed to answer queries about the European top football leagues. Please always use the tools provided to answer a question. Do not rely on prior knowledge.\ """, verbose=True, )

打印结果

vbnet复制代码La Liga has a rich history dating back to the 1930s. During the early years, Athletic Club was the dominant team, but in the 1940s, Atlético Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia emerged as strong contenders. The 1950s saw the rise of FC Barcelona and the dominance of Real Madrid, which continued into the 1960s and 1970s.

In terms of UEFA Champions League (UCL) performance, La Liga teams have had a significant impact. Real Madrid, Barcelona, and Atlético Madrid have been particularly successful, with multiple UCL titles to their names. Other Spanish clubs like Sevilla and Valencia have also won international trophies. La Liga consistently sends a significant number of teams to the Champions League group stage, showcasing the league's overall strength and competitiveness.

总结

LlamaIndex 为多文档RAG提供了VectorStoreIndex、SummaryIndex、ObjectIndex、QueryEngineTool、FnRetrieverOpenAIAgent 等丰富组件，过程复杂，但井然有序
除VectorStoreIndex、SummaryIndex,还有agent 索引， object 索引
相应的prompt 设计，让用户的问题，由相应的 tool来查询相应的索引，最后再合并起来，cool

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