Python使用MQTT连接新版ONENet

news2024/11/13 9:10:07

Python MQTT 连接新版ONENet

简介

前几个教程我们使用mqtt.fx连接了新版的ONENet, 只是跑通了MQTT协议，但是在实际操作下还需要实现具体环境、具体设备的MQTT连接，本章教程将以Python MQTT的方式连接 ONENet

参考文档：

paho-mqtt · PyPI

OneNET - 中国移动物联网开放平台 (10086.cn)

准备环境

pip安装 paho-mqtt

pip install paho-mqtt

获取ONENet 三元组

准备好Onenet的三元组
在这里插入图片描述

三元组分别为

DeviceName=“wenshidap” #设备ID

Productid = “kuerSLKlo8” #产品ID

accesskey=“QUR4cEhqcVRCSHowQ01QdXE3QTVIUmRDblpoOHU1aFk=”#秘钥

根据ONENet手册的文档说明，mqtt连接onenet需要进行鉴权，可以访问链接查看鉴权算法，但是我们可以根据鉴权算法说明生成鉴权的秘钥

使用Pyhon生成的鉴权秘钥的函数为

#认证token生成函数
def get_token(id,access_key):

    version = '2018-10-31'
 #   res = 'products/%s' % id  # 通过产品ID访问产品API
    # res = 'userid/%s' % id  # 通过产品ID访问产品API
    res="products/"+ Productid + "/devices/" + DeviceName
    # 用户自定义token过期时间
    et = str(int(time.time()) + 36000000)
    # et = str(int(1722499200))
    # 签名方法，支持md5、sha1、sha256
    method = 'sha1'
    method1 = 'sha256'
    # 对access_key进行decode
    key = base64.b64decode(access_key)

# 计算sign
    org = et + '\n' + method+ '\n' + res + '\n' + version
    sign_b = hmac.new(key=key, msg=org.encode(), digestmod=method)
    sign = base64.b64encode(sign_b.digest()).decode()

# value 部分进行url编码，method/res/version值较为简单无需编码
    sign = quote(sign, safe='')
    res = quote(res, safe='')

# token参数拼接
    token = 'version=%s&res=%s&et=%s&method=%s&sign=%s' % (version, res, et, method, sign)

    return token

MQTT订阅和发布Topic说明

我们可以点击产品开发->设备开发->topic管理->数据流topic来查看当前设备可以订阅哪些topic，在这里我们是上传数据流，所以我们只关心发布的topic 和订阅上传成功和上传失败的topic

在这里插入图片描述

发布的topic :$sys/kuerSLKlo8/{device-name}/dp/post/json

只需要将我们的device-name换成当前的devicename即可在本项目就是wenshidap

即：$sys/kuerSLKlo8/wenshidap/dp/post/json

订阅的topic:

上传成功：$sys/kuerSLKlo8/{device-name}/dp/post/json/accepted

上传失败：$sys/kuerSLKlo8/{device-name}/dp/post/json/rejected

当我们订阅上传成功topic时，数据流上传成功后就会返回msg的id 失败时 reject topic就会返回失败的原因

MQTT连接ONENet主程序

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
from paho.mqtt.client import MQTTv311
import struct
import json
import base64
import hmac
import time
from urllib.parse import quote

ServerUrl = "mqtts.heclouds.com" #服务器url
ServerPort = 1883#服务器端口
DeviceName="wenshidap" #设备ID
Productid = "kuerSLKlo8" #产品ID
accesskey="QUR4cEhqcVRCSHowQ01QdXE3QTVIUmRDblpoOHU1aFk="

# 发布的topic
Pub_topic1 = "$sys/"+Productid+"/"+ DeviceName+"/dp/post/json"

#需要订阅的topic
#数据上传成功的消息
Sub_topic1 = "$sys/"+Productid+"/"+DeviceName+"/dp/post/json/accepted"
#接收数据上传失败的消息
Sub_topic2 = "$sys/"+Productid+"/"+DeviceName+"/dp/post/json/rejected"

#测试用json数据格式
jsonstr = "{\"id\": 123,\"dp\": {\"ConEnv_Temp\": [{\"v\": 22.1}],\"ConEnv_Humi\": [{\"v\": 61.2}]}}"


#认证token生成函数
def get_token(id,access_key):

    version = '2018-10-31'
 #   res = 'products/%s' % id  # 通过产品ID访问产品API
    # res = 'userid/%s' % id  # 通过产品ID访问产品API
    res="products/"+ Productid + "/devices/" + DeviceName
    # 用户自定义token过期时间
    et = str(int(time.time()) + 36000000)
    # et = str(int(1722499200))
    # 签名方法，支持md5、sha1、sha256
    method = 'sha1'
    method1 = 'sha256'
    # 对access_key进行decode
    key = base64.b64decode(access_key)

# 计算sign
    org = et + '\n' + method+ '\n' + res + '\n' + version
    sign_b = hmac.new(key=key, msg=org.encode(), digestmod=method)
    sign = base64.b64encode(sign_b.digest()).decode()

# value 部分进行url编码，method/res/version值较为简单无需编码
    sign = quote(sign, safe='')
    res = quote(res, safe='')

# token参数拼接
    token = 'version=%s&res=%s&et=%s&method=%s&sign=%s' % (version, res, et, method, sign)

    return token

def on_subscribe(client, userdata, mid, reason_code_list, properties):
    # Since we subscribed only for a single channel, reason_code_list contains
    # a single entry
    if reason_code_list[0].is_failure:
        print(f"Broker rejected you subscription: {reason_code_list[0]}")
    else:
        print(f"Broker granted the following QoS: {reason_code_list[0].value}")


def on_unsubscribe(client, userdata, mid, reason_code_list, properties):
    # Be careful, the reason_code_list is only present in MQTTv5.
    # In MQTTv3 it will always be empty
    if len(reason_code_list) == 0 or not reason_code_list[0].is_failure:
        print("unsubscribe succeeded (if SUBACK is received in MQTTv3 it success)")
    else:
        print(f"Broker replied with failure: {reason_code_list[0]}")
    client.disconnect()

# 当客户端收到来自服务器的CONNACK响应时的回调。也就是申请连接，服务器返回结果是否成功等
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, reason_code, properties):
    if reason_code.is_failure:
        print(f"Failed to connect: {reason_code}. loop_forever() will retry connection")
    else:
        # we should always subscribe from on_connect callback to be sure
        # our subscribed is persisted across reconnections.
        # client.subscribe("$SYS/#")
        print("连接结果:" + mqtt.connack_string(reason_code))
        #连接成功后就订阅topic
        client.subscribe(Sub_topic1)
        client.subscribe(Sub_topic2)

# 从服务器接收发布消息时的回调。
def on_message(client, userdata, message):
    print(str(message.payload,'utf-8'))

#当消息已经被发送给中间人，on_publish()回调将会被触发
def on_publish(client, userdata, mid):
    print(str(mid))

def main():
    passw=get_token(DeviceName,accesskey)
    print(passw)
    mqttc = mqtt.Client(mqtt.CallbackAPIVersion.VERSION2,DeviceName)
    mqttc.on_connect = on_connect
    mqttc.on_message = on_message
    mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe
    mqttc.on_unsubscribe = on_unsubscribe

    # client = mqtt.Client(DeviceName,protocol=MQTTv311)
    #client.tls_set(certfile='/Users/mryu/PycharmProjects/MyProject/onenet/MQTTS-certificate.pem') #鉴权证书
    mqttc.connect(ServerUrl, port=ServerPort, keepalive=120)

    mqttc.username_pw_set(Productid,passw)
   
    mqttc.loop_start()

    
    while(1):

        mqttc.publish(Pub_topic1,jsonstr,qos=0)
        print("okk")
        time.sleep(2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()