接口自动化测试Requests库实战超细详解

一、requests库

Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.
Requests库就是一个使用Python语言发送HTTP请求的一个类库。
github地址：GitHub - psf/requests: A simple, yet elegant, HTTP library.

中文地址：https://2.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

二、发送基本请求

import requests

base_url = "http://httpbin.org"

#发送get请求
r = requests.get(base_url+"/get")
print(r.status_code)

#发送post请求
r = requests.post(base_url+'/post')
print(r.status_code)

#发送put请求
r = requests.put(base_url+"/put")
print(r.status_code)

#发送delete请求
r = requests.delete(base_url+"/delete")
print(r.status_code)

二、参数传递

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

param_data = {"name":"shiyan","password":"123456789"}

#get请求传递参数
r = requests.get(url+"/get",params=param_data)
print(r.url)
print(r.status_code)

param_data = {"name":"wangzhi","password":"20190001"}
#post请求传递参数
r = requests.post(url+"/post",data=param_data)
print(r.text)

三、请求头设置

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

header = {"token":"201909011313"}

r = requests.get(url+"/get",headers=header)

print(r.text)

案例:访问知乎首页

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"

r = requests.get(url)

cookies = r.cookies

print(cookies)

for key,value in cookies.items():
    print(key+":"+value)

四、cookies设置

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

cookie = {"username":"shiyan"}

r = requests.get(url+"/get",cookies=cookie)

print(r.text)

五、超时设置

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

r = requests.get(url+"/get",timeout=5)

print(r.text)

六、上传文件

import requests

#登录
loginUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/passport/app/loginByPwd"

#loginName: 15201438478, password: 123456a, deviceVersion: PCT-AL10, deviceOsVersion: 9, appVersion: 1.1.6
loginParam = {"loginName":"15201438478","password":"123456a","deviceVersion":"PCT-AL10","deviceOsVersion":"9","appVersion":"1.1.6"}

r = requests.post(loginUrl,params=loginParam)

print(r.json())

loginToken = r.json()["data"]["loginToken"]

print(loginToken)

#图片上传
uploadImageUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/image/upload"

headers = {"Token":loginToken}

files = {'image': open('upload.png', 'rb')}

r = requests.post(uploadImageUrl,files=files,headers=headers)

print(r.json())

七、会话对象

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

#设置cookie
r = requests.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")
print(r.text)

#获取cookie
r = requests.get(url+"/cookies")
print(r.text)

结果

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

s = requests.session()

#设置cookie
r = s.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")
print(r.text)

#获取cookie
r = s.get(url+"/cookies")
print(r.text)

结果

八、ssl验证

import requests

url = "https://www.12306.cn"

r = requests.get(url,verify=False)

print(r.text)

通过设置verify=False可以关闭ssl验证。

九、代理设置

import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"

proxies = {"http":"http://111.231.140.109:8888"}

r = requests.get(url+"/get",proxies=proxies)

print(r.text)

结果

通过结果我们发现，通过代理发送请求后，服务器端收到的origin这个客户端地址就是我们设置的代理地址，客户端设置代理后，可以通过代理发送请求，防止请求接口次数过多时，服务器把客户端对应的ip地址添加到黑名单中。

十、身份认证

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

url = "http://httpbin.org"

#basic-auth认证
r = requests.get(url+"/basic-auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPBasicAuth("shiyan","8888"))
print(r.text)

#digest-auth认证
r = requests.get(url+"/digest-auth/auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPDigestAuth("shiyan","8888"))
print(r.text)

十一、实战天气api

免费天气接口地址：天气免费 API | 天气API接口 | 天气JSON API | 天气XML API | JSON在线免费 API

import requests

url = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"

cityId = "101030100"

r = requests.get(url+cityId)

response = r.json()

print(response["cityInfo"]["city"])

print(response["data"]["forecast"][0]["ymd"])

十二、unittest 实战天气api

import unittest
import requests

class WeatherTest(unittest.TestCase):

    #开始
    def setUp(self):

        print("接口测试开始")

        self.baseUrl = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"

    #接口正常测试
    def test_weather_tianjin(self):

        self.url = self.baseUrl +"101030100"

        r = requests.get(self.url)

        response = r.json()

        self.assertEqual(response["status"],200)

        self.assertEqual(response["cityInfo"]["city"],"天津市")

    #接口参数错误
    def test_weather_params_error(self):

        self.url = self.baseUrl + "8888"

        r = requests.get(self.url)

        response = r.json()

        self.assertEqual(response["status"],404)

        self.assertEqual(response["message"],"Request resource not found.")

    #接口参数不传
    def test_weather_params_no(self):

        self.url = self.baseUrl

        r = requests.get(self.url)

        response = r.json()

        self.assertEqual(response["status"], 404)

        self.assertEqual(response["message"], "Request resource not found.")

    #结束
    def tearDown(self):

        print("接口测试结束")

十三、测试报告生成

1.编写run脚本:run.py

import unittest
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time

#指定测试用例和测试报告的路径
test_dir = "."
report_dir = "./reports"

#加载测试用例
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="unittest_weather_api.py")

#定义报告的文件格式
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
report_name = report_dir + "/" + now + "test_report.html"

#运行用例并生成报告
with open(report_name,"wb") as f:
    runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="Weather Api Test Report",description="China City Weather Test Report")
    runner.run(discover)

2.执行脚本
案例图示如下:

3.生成接口测试报告
效果图示如下：