WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单，允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中，浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手，两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接，并进行双向数据传输。
WebSocket与http
其实从历史上来讲，websocket是为了克服http无法双向通信而引入的，在通常的使用中，可以复用http的端口与功能，除此外，他们没有其他的联系，而是完全是独立的协议，通常情况下，http是单向的web 服务，而websocket是全双工的，服务器和客户端可以实时的传输信息，在引用时他们可以在http服务器上同时部署，特别是在NodeJs中。
WebSocket与Socket
那么websocket和socket是什么关系呢？ 其实可以理解为websocket是在socket的基础上实现的，其基于消息帧和TCP协议，而socket更通用，在编程中，可以选在tcp，udp，也需要自己控制数据流格式，每次的数据的长度都需要自己控制与读取。
下边记录两种Unity客户端使用WebSocket的方法。
1.不使用插件的客户端
引入System.Net.WebSockets;命名空间。
在使用过程中发现这种方法打包WebGl的的时候是存在问题的。
具体使用方法如下：
WebSocket 类 (System.Net.WebSockets) | Microsoft Learn
Unity客户端代码：
using System;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class test4 : MonoBehaviour
{
private void Start()
{
WebSocket();
}
public async void WebSocket()
{
try
{
ClientWebSocket ws = new ClientWebSocket();
CancellationToken ct = new CancellationToken();
//添加header
//ws.Options.SetRequestHeader("X-Token", "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1N");
Uri url = new Uri("ws://xxx.xxx.xxx.xx:18x/xxx/xxx");
await ws.ConnectAsync(url, ct);
await ws.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello")), WebSocketMessageType.Binary, true, ct); //发送数据
while (true)
{
var result = new byte[1024];
await ws.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(result), new CancellationToken());//接受数据
var str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(result, 0, result.Length);
Debug.Log(str);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
2.使用Best HTTP插件
这款插件不但支持WebSockets，还支持HTTP，Sockets等通信方式是一款不错的插件。也支持打包Webgl
插件地址：
https://download.csdn.net/download/f402455894/87597949?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
客户端代码：
using UnityEngine;
using System;
using BestHTTP.WebSocket;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
public class GaoYaGuHuaLu : MonoBehaviour
{
string address = "ws://10.xxx.xx.193:1880/xxx";
WebSocket webSocket;
public GaoYaGuHuaLuEntity gaoYaGuHuaLu = new GaoYaGuHuaLuEntity();
private void Awake()
{
}
private void Start()
{
Init();
}
public void Init()
{
if (webSocket == null)
{
webSocket = new WebSocket(new Uri(address));
#if !UNITY_WEBGL
webSocket.StartPingThread = true;
#endif
// Subscribe to the WS events
webSocket.OnOpen += OnOpen;
webSocket.OnMessage += OnMessageRecv;
webSocket.OnBinary += OnBinaryRecv;
webSocket.OnClosed += OnClosed;
webSocket.OnError += OnError;
// Start connecting to the server
webSocket.Open();
}
}
public void Destroy()
{
if (webSocket != null)
{
webSocket.Close();
webSocket = null;
}
}
void OnOpen(WebSocket ws)
{
Debug.Log("OnOpen: ");
// webSocket.Send("我来啦");
}
void OnMessageRecv(WebSocket ws, string message)
{
Debug.LogFormat("OnMessageRecv: msg={0}", message);
}
void OnBinaryRecv(WebSocket ws, byte[] data)
{
Debug.LogFormat("OnBinaryRecv: len={0}", data.Length);
}
void OnClosed(WebSocket ws, UInt16 code, string message)
{
Debug.LogFormat("OnClosed: code={0}, msg={1}", code, message);
webSocket = null;
}
void OnError(WebSocket ws, string ex)
{
string errorMsg = string.Empty;
#if !UNITY_WEBGL || UNITY_EDITOR
if (ws.InternalRequest.Response != null)
{
errorMsg = string.Format("Status Code from Server: {0} and Message: {1}", ws.InternalRequest.Response.StatusCode, ws.InternalRequest.Response.Message);
}
#endif
Debug.LogFormat("OnError: error occured: {0}\n", (ex != null ? ex : "Unknown Error " + errorMsg));
webSocket = null;
}
public void OnClose()
{
// 关闭连接
webSocket.Close(1000, "Bye!");
}
}
加上心跳检测和断线重连
using UnityEngine;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using BestHTTP;
using BestHTTP.WebSocket;
using BestHTTP.Examples;
public class ZGAndroidcCient : MonoBehaviour
{
// w ws://XXXX:7799
public string address = "ws://XXXX:7799";
WebSocket webSocket;
private bool lockReconnect = false;
private Coroutine _pingCor, _clientPing, _serverPing;
private void Start()
{
CreateWebSocket();
}
void CreateWebSocket()
{
try
{
webSocket = new WebSocket(new Uri(address));
#if !UNITY_WEBGL
webSocket.StartPingThread = true;
#endif
InitHandle();
webSocket.Open();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Debug.Log("websocket连接异常:" + e.Message);
ReConnect();
}
}
private void Update()
{
Debug.Log(lockReconnect);
}
void InitHandle()
{
RemoveHandle();
webSocket.OnOpen += OnOpen;
webSocket.OnMessage += OnMessageReceived;
webSocket.OnClosed += OnClosed;
webSocket.OnError += OnError;
}
void RemoveHandle()
{
webSocket.OnOpen -= OnOpen;
webSocket.OnMessage -= OnMessageReceived;
webSocket.OnClosed -= OnClosed;
webSocket.OnError -= OnError;
}
void OnOpen(WebSocket ws)
{
Debug.Log("websocket连接成功");
webSocket.Send("一个客户端连过来了");
if (_pingCor != null)
{
StopCoroutine(_pingCor);
_pingCor = null;
}
_pingCor = StartCoroutine(HeartPing());
// 心跳检测重置
HeartCheck();
}
void OnMessageReceived(WebSocket ws, string message)
{
// 如果获取到消息，心跳检测重置
// 拿到任何消息都说明当前连接是正常的
HeartCheck();
Debug.Log(message);
}
void OnClosed(WebSocket ws, UInt16 code, string message)
{
Debug.LogFormat("OnClosed: code={0}, msg={1}", code, message);
webSocket = null;
ReConnect();
}
void OnError(WebSocket ws, string ex)
{
string errorMsg = string.Empty;
#if !UNITY_WEBGL || UNITY_EDITOR
if (ws.InternalRequest.Response != null)
{
errorMsg = string.Format("Status Code from Server: {0} and Message: {1}", ws.InternalRequest.Response.StatusCode, ws.InternalRequest.Response.Message);
}
#endif
Debug.LogFormat("OnError: error occured: {0}\n", (ex != null ? ex : "Unknown Error " + errorMsg));
webSocket = null;
ReConnect();
}
void ReConnect()
{
if (this.lockReconnect)
return;
this.lockReconnect = true;
StartCoroutine(SetReConnect());
}
private IEnumerator SetReConnect()
{
Debug.Log("正在重连websocket");
yield return new WaitForSeconds(5);
CreateWebSocket();
lockReconnect = false;
}
//心跳检测
private void HeartCheck()
{
if (_clientPing != null)
{
StopCoroutine(_clientPing);
_clientPing = null;
}
if (_serverPing != null)
{
StopCoroutine(_serverPing);
_serverPing = null;
}
_clientPing = StartCoroutine(ClientPing());
}
// 这里发送一个心跳，后端收到后，返回一个心跳消息
// onmessage拿到返回的心跳就说明连接正常
private IEnumerator ClientPing()
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(5);
WebSend("heartbeat");
_serverPing = StartCoroutine(ServerPing());
}
// 如果超过一定时间还没重置，说明后端主动断开了
// 如果onclose会执行reconnect，我们执行ws.close()就行了.如果直接执行reconnect 会触发onclose导致重连两次
private IEnumerator ServerPing()
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(5);
if (webSocket != null)
{
webSocket.Close();
}
}
//发送心跳
private IEnumerator HeartPing()
{
while (true)
{
yield return new WaitForSeconds(5);
this.WebSend("Heartbeat");
}
}
//向服务端发送信息
public void WebSend(string msg)
{
if (webSocket == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(msg)) return;
if (webSocket.IsOpen)
{
webSocket.Send(msg);
}
}
public void OnClose()
{
// 关闭连接
webSocket.Close(1000, "Bye!");
}
}
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