Promise
回调地狱
const fs = require('fs');
fs.readFile('./a.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
if(err) throw err;
console.log(data);
fs.readFile('./b.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
if(err) throw err;
console.log(data);
fs.readFile('./c.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
if(err) throw err;
console.log(data);
})
})
})
Promise
Promise对象可以解决回调地狱的问题
Promise可以理解为一个容器,里面可以编写异步程序的代码
基本用法
const fs = require('fs');
//1、创建对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
//把异步任务成功的结果传递给resolve函数,把失败的结果传递给reject函数
fs.readFile('./a.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
//读取文件的时候,没有错误err=null, 有错误err={}
err ? reject(err) : resolve(data);
})
});
//2、获取成功失败结果
p.then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err));
Promise三种状态
pending fulfilled rejected
-
最初状态pending, 等待中,此时promise的结果为undefined;
-
当调用resolve(data)时, 状态变为 fulfilled
-
当调用reject(err)时, 状态变为 error
-
当达到最终的fulfilled或rejected时,promise的状态就不会再改变了(所以多次调用resolve,后面的resolve都无效,只取第一次)
// 1、创建对象
let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve();
resolve(123);//这次调用无效
});// 2、获取成功失败结果
p.then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err));
Promise同步异步?
console.log(1);
//new Promise属于同步代码
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
console.log(2);
resolve(3);
console.log(4);
}).then(res => console.log(res), err => console.log(err));//.then这里是异步的
console.log(5);
// 1 2 4 5 3
then的链式调用
const fs = require('fs');
let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile('./a.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
err ? reject(err) : resolve(data);
})
});
let p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile('./b.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
err ? reject(err) : resolve(data);
})
});
let p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile('./c.txt', 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
err ? reject(err) : resolve(data);
})
});
//前一个then返回一个Promise对象
//后一个then可以得到前一个Promise对象的成功状态的值
p1.then(r1 => {
console.log(r1); //aaa
return p2
}).then(r2 => {
console.log(r2); //bbb
return p3;
}).then(r3 => {
console.log(r3); //ccc
})
const fs = require('fs');
function myReadFile(filename) {
return p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fs.readFile(filename, 'utf-8', (err, data) => {
err ? reject(err) : resolve(data);
})
})
}
//前一个then返回一个Promise对象
//后一个then可以得到前一个Promise对象的成功状态的值
myReadFile('./a.txt').then(r1 => {
console.log(r1); //aaa
return myReadFile('./b.txt');
}).then(r2 => {
console.log(r2); //bbb
return myReadFile('./c.txt');
}).then(r3 => {
console.log(r3); //ccc
})