玩转WEB接口之一【HTTP调试测试神器 httpbin使用】

文章目录

一、项目、作者何许人也
二、观摩庐山真面目
三、怎么玩
四、后端怎么调用
- 1. RestTemplate测试代码
- 2. 运行结果

一、项目、作者何许人也

httpbin是大神kennethreitz为搭建测试用的http服务而写的项目，httpbin 这个服务应用能测试HTTP请求及响应的各种信息，比如 cookie、ip、headers 和登录验证等，且支持 GET、POST 等多种方法，对 web 开发和测试具有很大的帮助，它是用 Python + Flask 编写的，是一个开源项目。

Kenneth Reitz: 著名的python首席架构师，requests、python-guide、pipenv、legit、autoenv等一系列大名鼎鼎的python类库及工具的创作者，大神级程序员，据说其身价高达5亿美元。

二、观摩庐山真面目

官网 https://httpbin.org/

http方法组展开的接口
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其他的分组

在这里插入图片描述
点击 HTML form 是一个form表单提交页面，可以用来测试

三、怎么玩

以get请求为例：

展开 HTTP Methods 方法下面的get请求，选择Try it out，
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出现 Execute 点击他， Response body 返回json数据。
在这里插入图片描述
依次类推，post请求返回数据如下：

包含form表单、json数据、header、url、origin 等信息。

四、后端怎么调用

1. RestTemplate测试代码

这里选取了四个典型场景： get请求、formdata表单提交、json字符串post提交、带文件 multipart/form-data 提交
在这里插入图片描述

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class RestTemplateSimpleTest
{
    private static RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    static
    {
        int type = RandomUtils.nextInt(1, 5);
        log.info("--------- type：{}", type);
        switch (type)
        {
            case 1:
                // 使用默认客户端构造RestTemplate,写法1
                /*** Java HttpURLConnection (默认RestTemplate采用，不支持HTTP2) ***/
                restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
                break;
            
            case 2:
                // 使用默认客户端构造RestTemplate,写法2
                restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory());
                break;
            
            case 3:
                // 使用默认客户端构造RestTemplate,写法3
                restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
                restTemplate.setRequestFactory(new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory());
                break;
            
            case 4:
                // 使用默认客户端构造RestTemplate, 配置proxy，connectTimeout，readTimeout等参数
                SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRquestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
                clientHttpRquestFactory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                clientHttpRquestFactory.setReadTimeout(65000);
                restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRquestFactory);
                break;
            default:
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testGet()
    {
        String url = "https://httpbin.org/get";
        String responseBody = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        log.info("responseBody={}", responseBody);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testFormData001()
    {
        // POST请求只能用MultiValueMap
        String url = "https://httpbin.org/post";
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        params.add("q1", "java");
        params.add("q2", "python");
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);
        
        if (RandomUtils.nextBoolean())
        {
            String response = restTemplate.postForObject(url, requestEntity, String.class);
            log.info("ResponseBody={}", response);
        }
        else
        {
            ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, requestEntity, String.class);
            log.info("ResponseEntity={}", responseEntity.getBody());
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testUpload()
    {
        // POST请求只能用MultiValueMap
        String url = "https://httpbin.org/post";
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        
        // Resource适用于文件、Jar內
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        Resource file = new ClassPathResource("123.jpg");
        // 多次调用，后台接受到的是MultipartFile[]
        params.add("file", file);
        params.add("file", file);
        
        params.add("name", "girl");
        params.add("age", "18");
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, requestEntity, String.class);
        log.info("ResponseEntity={}", responseEntity);
    }
}

2. 运行结果

 2024-01-26 17:52:44.587 [main] INFO  com.fly.rest.RestTemplateSimpleTest - --------- type：3
2024-01-26 17:52:46.461 [main] INFO  com.fly.rest.RestTemplateSimpleTest - responseBody={
  "args": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "text/plain, application/json, application/*+json, */*", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Java/1.8.0_221", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-65b379f1-30d6643c75aaf2992a9faa97"
  }, 
  "origin": "61.169.67.18", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

2024-01-26 17:52:46.710 [main] INFO  com.fly.rest.RestTemplateSimpleTest - ResponseEntity=<200,{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "{\"pageNo\":\"2\",\"pageSize\":\"10\",\"keyword\":\"1\"}", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {}, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "application/json", 
    "Content-Length": "44", 
    "Content-Type": "application/json", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Java/1.8.0_221", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-65b379f1-4c7461bf00bf0966330cdc84"
  }, 
  "json": {
    "keyword": "1", 
    "pageNo": "2", 
    "pageSize": "10"
  }, 
  "origin": "61.169.67.18", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}
,[Date:"Fri, 26 Jan 2024 09:22:57 GMT", Content-Type:"application/json", Content-Length:"523", Connection:"keep-alive", Server:"gunicorn/19.9.0", Access-Control-Allow-Origin:"*", Access-Control-Allow-Credentials:"true"]>
2024-01-26 17:52:46.942 [main] INFO  com.fly.rest.RestTemplateSimpleTest - ResponseBody={
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {}, 
  "form": {
    "q1": "java", 
    "q2": "python"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "application/json", 
    "Content-Length": "17", 
    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Java/1.8.0_221", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-65b379f1-3400da2d5aa686e725741d55"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "61.169.67.18", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

2024-01-26 17:52:48.339 [main] INFO  com.fly.rest.RestTemplateSimpleTest - ResponseEntity=<200,{
  "args": {}, 
  "data": "", 
  "files": {
    "file": "data:image/jpeg;base64,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"
  }, 
  "form": {
    "age": "18", 
    "name": "girl"
  }, 
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "application/json", 
    "Content-Length": "67257", 
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data;charset=UTF-8;boundary=j8heXoBDLEg1JRe3apeLMkvEeVnkcGIiymWf75", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "User-Agent": "Java/1.8.0_221", 
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-65b379f1-136ad5f76c66cd7e626c56c5"
  }, 
  "json": null, 
  "origin": "61.169.67.18", 
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}
,[Date:"Fri, 26 Jan 2024 09:22:58 GMT", Content-Type:"application/json", Content-Length:"44945", Connection:"keep-alive", Server:"gunicorn/19.9.0", Access-Control-Allow-Origin:"*", Access-Control-Allow-Credentials:"true"]>