Django 简单图书管理系统

一、图书需求

1. 书籍book_index.html中有超链接：查看所有的书籍列表book_list.html页面
2. 书籍book_list.html中显示所有的书名，有超链接：查看本书籍详情book_detail.html(通过书籍ID)页面
3. 书籍book_detail.html中书的作者和出版社，有超链接：作者详情author_detail.html(通过书籍ID)和出版社详情publisher_detail.html(通过书籍ID)页面
4. 书籍book_list.html中添加图书超链接,book_add.html
5. 书籍book_list.html中修改图书超链接,book_edit.html
6. 书籍book_list.html中删除图书超链接,book_delete.html

二、实现步骤

1、创建每个模块的模型models.py
2、创建每个模块的html页面
3、创建每个模块的视图函数views.py
4、编写每个模块的子路由urls.py
5、运行测试每个模块访问
    http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/detail/1
    http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/list/
    http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/index/
    .....

注意：分模块操作

三、数据表关系

书籍表 Book：title 、 pub_date 、 publisher（多对多）、 author（外键，多对一）

出版社表 Publisher：name 、address、city 、state_province、 country、website

作者表 Author：first_name、 last_name、 email、 gender

注意：自动生成中间表 book_publisher

四、创建bookitem项目

在控制台执行子应用: python manage.py startapp book

五、编码显示

（1）模型层models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
#作者数据模型
class Author(models.Model):
    first_name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last_name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    email=models.EmailField()
    # gender=models.BooleanField(default=True)
    gender_choices=(
         (0,'女'),
         (1,'男'),
         (2,'保密'),
     )
    gender=models.SmallIntegerField(choices=gender_choices)

    class Meta:
        db_table='author'
        verbose_name='作者'
        verbose_name_plural=verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.first_name+self.last_name

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
#出版社数据模块
class Publisher(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    address=models.CharField(max_length=100)
    city=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    state_province=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    country=models.CharField(max_length=30)
    website=models.URLField()

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'publisher'
        verbose_name = '出版社'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

from django.db import models
from author.models import  Author  #导入数据模型
from publisher.models import Publisher

# Create your models here.
# 书籍数据模型
class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name='书名')
    publish_date=models.DateField(verbose_name='出版时间')
    #FK关联
    #fk:book:Author作者数据模型=N:1(多对一）
    author=models.ForeignKey(Author,on_delete=models.PROTECT,verbose_name='作者')
    #多对多 book:Publisher 出版社数据模型(多对多）
    publisher=models.ManyToManyField(Publisher,verbose_name='出版社')



    class Meta:
        db_table = 'book'
        verbose_name = '书籍'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

数据迁移，生成相关表

在终端依次执行命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

手动添加相关数据

（2）视图层views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from author.models import *

# Create your views here.
#作者详情
def author_detail(request,aid):
    '''
    通过aid获取作者详情信息
    :param request:
    :param aid:
    :return:
    '''
    author=Author.objects.get(pk=aid)
    return  render(request,'author/author_detail.html',{'author':author})

from django.shortcuts import render
from publisher.models import *
# Create your views here.
#出版社详情
def publisher_detail(request,pid):
    publisher=Publisher.objects.get(pk=pid)
    return  render(request,'publisher/publisher_detail.html',{"publisher":publisher})

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from book.models import *
from author.models import *
from publisher.models import *


# Create your views here.
# 书籍首页
def book_index(request):
    return render(request, 'book/book_index.html')
    # return render(request, 'book/book_home.html')


# 书籍列表
def book_list(request):
    '''
    获取所有的书籍
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    books = Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'book/book_list.html', {'books': books})


# 书籍详情
def book_detail(request, bid):
    '''
    获取bid对应的书籍
    :param request:
    :param bid:
    :return:
    '''
    book = Book.objects.get(pk=bid)
    return render(request, 'book/book_detail.html', {'book': book})


# 书籍添加
def book_add(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 获取书名，出版时间，作者，出版社列表
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
        author_id = request.POST.get('author')
        #*列表：getlist
        publisher_list = request.POST.getlist('publisher')
        # 操作数据库存储数据
        book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title, publish_date=publish_date, author_id=author_id)
        # 书籍与出版社的关系表
        book_obj.publisher.add(*publisher_list)
        # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
        # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
        return redirect('../list')

    # 获取当前系统所有的出版社和作者信息
    publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
    # print(publishers)
    authors = Author.objects.all()
    # print(authors)
    #返回添加页面
    return render(request, 'book/book_add.html', locals())


# 书籍编辑
def book_edit(request, bid):
    '''
    获取bid对应的书籍
    :param request:
    :param bid:
    :return:
    '''
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 获取书名，出版时间，作者，出版社列表
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
        author_id = request.POST.get('author')
        # *列表：getlist
        publisher_list = request.POST.getlist('publisher')
        # 操作数据库修改数据
        Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).update(title=title,publish_date=publish_date,author_id=author_id)

        # 修改第三张表
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).first()
        # 修改出版社列表
        book_obj.publisher.set(publisher_list)

        # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
        # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
        return redirect('../list')

    # 获取当前用户想要编辑的书籍对象，展示给用户看
    edit_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).first()
    # 获取当前系统所有的出版社和作者信息
    publishers = Publisher.objects.all()
    # print(publishers)
    authors = Author.objects.all()
    # print(authors)

    return render(request, 'book/book_edit.html',  locals())




# 书籍删除
def book_delete(request, bid):
    #删除书籍
    Book.objects.filter(pk=bid).delete()
    # 跳转到书籍的展示页面
    # 直接跳转对应的列表数据，使用别名name=list
    return redirect('../list')

（3）路由层urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from book.views import *  #导入视图

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', book_index, name='index'),
    path('list/', book_list, name='list'),
    # 注意参数名必须与视图定义的参数名字相同，起个别名name
    path('detail/<int:bid>', book_detail, name='detail'),

    #添加书籍
    path('add/', book_add, name='add'),

    # 注意参数名必须与视图定义的参数名字相同，起个别名name
    #修改书籍
    path('edit/<int:bid>', book_edit, name='edit'),

    # 删除书籍
    path('delete/<int:bid>', book_delete, name='delete'),
]


from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    #
    path('author/', include(('author.urls','author'),namespace='author')), #子路由author
    path('book/', include(('book.urls','book'),namespace='book')), #子路由book
    path('publisher/', include(('publisher.urls','publisher'),namespace='publisher')), #子路由publisher
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls), #后台管理路由
]

（4）模板页面html

(1) 首页页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
        <h1>书籍首页</h1>
        <hr/>
        {# book命名空间 ，list是别名 #}
        <a href="{% url 'book:list' %}">查看所有的书籍</a>
</body>
</html>

(2) 图书展示页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    {# css #}
    {% block extcss %}
        <!-- 新 Bootstrap4 核心 CSS 文件 -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    {% endblock %}
    {% block extJs %}
        <!-- jQuery文件。务必在bootstrap.min.js 之前引入 -->
        <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

        <!-- bootstrap.bundle.min.js 用于弹窗、提示、下拉菜单，包含了 popper.min.js -->
        <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>

        <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap4 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
        <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    <h1 class="text-center">书籍信息</h1>

    <a href="{% url 'book:add' %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">添加</a>
    <br>
    <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>ID</th>
            <th>书名</th>
            <th>出版日期</th>
            <th>出版社</th>
            <th>作者</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        {% for book in books %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ book.pk }}</td>
                <td><a href="{% url 'book:detail' book.id %}">{{ book.title }}</a></td>
                {#格式化日期#}
                <td>{{ book.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
                <td>
                    {% for publish in book.publisher.all %}
                    {# 判断是最后一个不加，#}
                      {% if forloop.last %}
                        {{publish.name }}
                    {# 判断是其他加，#}
                      {% else %}
                         {{publish.name }},
                      {% endif %}

                    {% endfor %}
                </td>
                <td> {{book.author.first_name }}{{book.author.last_name }}</td>
                <td>
                    <a href="{% url 'book:edit' book.pk %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">编辑</a>
                    <a href="{% url 'book:delete' book.pk %}" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">删除</a>
                </td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
</body>

(3) 图书添加页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    {# css #}
    {% block extcss %}
        <!-- 新 Bootstrap4 核心 CSS 文件 -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
     <h1 class="text-center">书籍添加</h1>
     <hr/>
    <form action="" method="post">
     {# 确认html中的form添加模板标签,否则发生异常#}
     {% csrf_token %}
        <p>书名：
            <input type="text" name="title" class="form-control">
        </p>
        <p>出版日期：
            <input type="date" name="publish_date" class="form-control">
        </p>
        <p>出版社：
            <select name="publisher" id=""  multiple class="form-control">
                {% for publish_obj in publishers %}
                    <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}">{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        <p>作者：
            <select name="author" id=""  class="form-control">
                {% for author_obj in authors %}
                    <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}">{{ author_obj.first_name }}{{ author_obj.last_name }}</option>
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="新增" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

(4) 图书修改页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    {# css #}
    {% block extcss %}
        <!-- 新 Bootstrap4 核心 CSS 文件 -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="text-center">书籍编辑</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
     {# 确认html中的form添加模板标签,否则发生异常#}
     {% csrf_token %}
    <p>书名：
        <input type="text" name="title" class="form-control" value="{{ edit_obj.title }}">
    </p>
    <p>出版日期：
        <input type="date" name="publish_date" class="form-control"
               value="{{ edit_obj.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}">
    </p>
    <p>出版社：
        <select name="publisher" id="" multiple class="form-control">
            {% for publish_obj in publishers %}
                {# 针对当前书籍对象的出版社应该默认选中 #}
                  {% if publish_obj in edit_obj.publisher.all %}
                    <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}" selected>{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                {% else %}
                    <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}">{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                {% endif %}

            {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <p>作者：
        <select name="author" id=""  class="form-control">
            {% for author_obj in authors%}
                {% if author_obj == edit_obj.author %}
                    <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}" selected>{{ author_obj.first_name }}{{ author_obj.last_name }}</option>
                {% else %}
                    <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}">{{ author_obj.first_name }}{{ author_obj.last_name }}</option>
                {% endif %}

            {% endfor %}

        </select>
    </p>
    <input type="submit" value="确定编辑" class="btn btn-info btn-block">
</form>

</body>
</html>

(5) 图书详情页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>书籍详情页</h1>
    <hr/>
    <div>
       <p>名称：{{ book.title }}</p>
       <p>出版时间：{{ book.publish_date }}</p>
       <p>作者：
           <a href="{% url 'author:detail' book.author.id %}">
             {{ book.author.first_name }}{{ book.author.last_name }}
           </a>
       </p>

        <p>出版社：
            {% for publisher in book.publisher.all %}
               <a href="{% url 'publisher:detail' publisher.id  %}">
                 {{ publisher.name}}
               </a>
                {# 每个出版社之间加分割|#}
                {%  if not forloop.last %}
                    |
                {% endif %}
            {% endfor %}
       </p>
    </div>

</body>
</html>

(6) 作者详情页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>作者详情页</h1>
    <hr/>
    <div>
           <p>名字：{{ author.last_name }}{{ author.last_name }}</p>
           <p>性别：{{author.gender }}</p>
           <p>邮箱：{{author.email }}</p>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

(7) 出版社详情页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>出版社详情页</h1>
    <hr/>
      <div>
           <p>名字：{{ publisher.name }}</p>
           <p>地址：{{publisher.address }}</p>
           <p>城市：{{publisher.city }}</p>
           <p>省份：{{publisher.state_province }}</p>
           <p>国家：{{publisher.country }}</p>
           <p>网址：{{publisher.website }}</p>
    </div>
</body>
</html>