Python爬虫之两种urlencode编码发起post请求方式

news2024/11/23 11:46:02

背景

闲来无事想爬一下牛客网的校招薪资水平及城市分布，最后想做一个薪资水平分布的图表出来

于是发现牛客使用的是application/x-www-form-urlencoded的格式

测试

首先可以先用apipost等测试工具先测试一下是否需要cookie之类的，发现是不需要的，通过urlencode编码的方式也能够请求到数据

于是开始写代码

coding

这里给出两种方式：

首先使用错误的编码格式肯定是拿不到数据的

①通过urllib

import requests
import time
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import urllib.request

timestamp = time.time()
timestamp_milliseconds = int(timestamp*1000)
newcode_job_url = f"https://www.nowcoder.com/np-api/u/job/square-search?_={timestamp_milliseconds}"

form_data = {
    "careerJobId": "",
    "jobCity": "",
    "page": 1,
    "query": "开发",
    "random": "true",
    "recommend": "false",
    "recruitType": 1,
    "salaryType": 2,
    "pageSize": 20,
    "requestFrom": 1,
    "order": 0,
    "pageSource": 5001,
    "visitorId": "4cd1adf2-a80d-49e5-82a5-5fcc17227813"
}

form_data["jobCity"] = "北京"
# 需要手动编码
form_data = urlencode(form_data).encode()
request = urllib.request.Request(newcode_job_url)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request,form_data)
print(response.read().decode())

②通过requests（建议）

通过requests简直不要太方便，因为requests会自动使用合适的编码格式进行编码

import requests
import time
import json
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import urllib.request

timestamp = time.time()
timestamp_milliseconds = int(timestamp*1000)
newcode_job_url = f"https://www.nowcoder.com/np-api/u/job/square-search?_={timestamp_milliseconds}"

form_data = {
    "careerJobId": "",
    "jobCity": "",
    "page": 1,
    "query": "开发",
    "random": "true",
    "recommend": "false",
    "recruitType": 1,
    "salaryType": 2,
    "pageSize": 20,
    "requestFrom": 1,
    "order": 0,
    "pageSource": 5001,
    "visitorId": "4cd1adf2-a80d-49e5-82a5-5fcc17227813"
}

form_data["jobCity"] = "北京"
response = requests.post(newcode_job_url, data=form_data)
print(response.text)