[7天速成Python——第三天]
3 数据类型
布尔值（bool）：True False
整型（int） ：1 19 22 300
字符串（str） ："中国联通"
upper/lower/isdecimal/strip/lstrip/rstrip/replace/
join/split/center/ljust/rjust/zfill
len/索引/切片/for循环
列表（list） ：[11,22,33] ["李冉","谢鹏","陈青",11, 22 ,True]
append/insert/remove/pop/clear/sort
len/索引/切片/for循环
元组（tuple） ：(11,22,33) ("李冉","谢鹏","陈青",11, 22 ,True)
字典（dict） ：{ "k1":123 , "k2":456 } {"n1":1,"N2":True}
n1 = "root"
res = n1.upper() # res = "ROOT"
n2 = "admin"
value = n2.upper() # value = "ADMIN"
data_list1 = [11,22,33,44]
data_list1.append(55) # 列表的功能，在列表的尾部追加某个值 [11,22,33,44,55]
data_list2 = [1,2,3]
data_list2.append(55) # 列表的功能，在列表的尾部追加某个值 [1,2,3,55]
今日概要：
- 字符串类型
- 列表类型
- 元组类型
1.字符串（str）
1.1 定义
v = "xxxx"
1.2 独有功能
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大写a.upper()
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小写a.lower()
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是否是数字a.isdecimal
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替换a.replace(“1”,“2”)
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去除空白/左边/右边a.stript().lstript().rstript()
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切割
file_name = "day01 python基础编程入门.mp4" # 切割字符串后得到的是一个列表 # 0 1 # data_list = [ "day01 python基础编程入门" , "mp4" ] data_list = file_name.split(".")//flie.split(".") data_list[0] # "day01 python基础编程入门" data_list[1] # "mp4"text = "武沛齐,root,wupeiqi@live.com,19" # 0 1 2 3 # ["武沛齐","root","wupeiqi@live.com","19"] data_list = text.split(",") data_list[0] data_list[1] data_list[2] data_list[3] -
拼接
# 1.字符串相加 v1 = "鲁番吐" v2 = "大神" text = v1 + "是" + v2# 2.字符串格式化 v1 = "鲁番吐" v2 = "大神" text = "{}是{}".format(v1,v2)# 3.列表，里面有很多字符串，你想要让他们按照某个连接符拼接起来。注意事项：想要通过join去拼接，列表中必须都是字符串。 data_list = ["一","二","三","四"] res = "_".join(data_list) print(res) # "一_二_三_四" a = "_".join(list)data_list = ["一","二","三","四"] res = ",".join(data_list) print(res) # "一，二，三，四"data_list = ["一","二","三","四"] res = "".join(data_list) print(res) # "一二三四"注意事项：想要通过join去拼接，列表中必须都是字符串。
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字符串转换成字节类型
字符串 unicode 字节 utf-8/gbk（文件存储、网络传输）data = "中国联通" v1 = data.encode("utf-8")//"中国联通"压缩的值 print(v1) # b' \xe4 \xb8 \xad \xe5\x9b\xbd \xe8\x81\x94 \xe9\x80\x9a' # 01110010 10111000text = v1.decode("utf-8")//"中国联通"解压的值 print(text) # "中国联通" -
长度的补足
name = "宁摆场" text = name.center(13,"*")//居中，总长度为13 print(text) # "*****宁摆场*****"name = "宁摆场" text = name.ljust(13,"#")//原值放左边 print(text) # "宁摆场##########"name = "宁摆场" text = name.rjust(13,"#")//原值放右边 print(text) # "##########宁摆场" -
长度的补足，只能在左边补0（二进制字符串前面补0）
name = "吐鲁番" v1 = name.zfill(10)//补足，总长度为10，，，，zfill print(v1) # "0000000卢红萍"data = "10101" res = data.zfill(8) print(res) # "00010101"
练习题
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写代码实现，提示用户输入文本，你来判断文本是否是以 ”中国“开头，输入：中国人、否则外国人。
text = input(">>>") if text.startswith("中国")://a.startswith("中国') print("中国人") else: print("外国人") -
写代码实现，提示用户输入文本，将文本中的 上 替换成 下。
text = input(">>>") res = text.replace("上","下")//替换a.replace("上","下") print(res) -
提示用户输入两个数字相加，例如：5+2、6+9 格式（不用考虑 yy+77 ）。
# 0 1 data_list = [11, 9] data_list[0] data_list[1]text = input(">>>") # "5+9"//5+9 data_list = text.split("+") # ["5","9"]//data = a.split("+") res = int(data_list[0]) + int(data_list[1])//int(data[0]) + int(data[1]) print(res) -
提示用户输入两个数字相加，例如：5+2、6+9 、你好+9，判断如果都是数字，数字相加，只要有任意一个不是数字，则提示输入错误。
text = input(">>>") # "5+9" data_list = text.split("+") # ["5","9"] if data_list[0].isdecimal() and data_list[1].isdecimal()://isdecimal() res = int(data_list[0]) + int(data_list[1]) print(res) else: print("输入错误") -
排队买票
# ["罗小春","谢鹏",龚星云] name_list = [] name_list.append("罗小春") name_list.append("谢鹏") name_list.append("龚星云") # name_list = ["罗小春","谢鹏",龚星云]# 1.循环让用户输入姓名（q/Q终止），每输入一个姓名都追加到列表中。 # 2.输入q退出之后，将所有的人员姓名通过逗号连接成字符串并输出。user_list = [] while True://while True:a = input() name = input("请输入姓名：")//if a.upper() == "Q" if name.upper() == "Q": break user_list.append(name) res = ",".join(user_list)//b = ",".join(user_list) print(res)
1.3 公共功能
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长度a = len(“str”)
name = "欧阳娜娜" res = len(name) print(res) # 4v1 = len("陆梅yy8899") print(v2) # 8 -
索引
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 text = "我 要 学 习 P y t h o n 编 程" text[0] # "我" text[8] # "o" text[10] # "编" v1 = 3 text[v1] # "习" text[100] # 报错，不能超出范围取值 v2 = len(text) - 1 # 12 text[v2] # "程"text = "我要学习python编程" index = 0 while index < len(text): print(text[index]) index += 1# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # -3 -2 -1 text = "我 要 学 习 P y t h o n 编 程" text[-1] # "程" -
切片//前取后不取，字符串无法改变，切片是原来字符串切出来拷贝一份
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # -3 -2 -1 text = "我 要 学 习 P y t h o n 编 程" text[0:2] # "我要" text[2:8] # "学习Pytho" text[2:-1] # "学习Python编" text[2:] # "学习Python编程"//从2开始到最后 text[:-1] # "我要学习Python编"//从开始到编 text[:] # "我要学习Python编程"//全部 # 注意：1.前取后不取； 2.索引位置是从0开始。num = 189 # 1.转换成二进制的字符串 bin_string = bin(num) # '0b10111101' # 2.不要0b， data="10111101" data = bin_string[2:] # 3.将二进制字符串补足16位，在他的前面补0 result = data.zfill(16) print(result) # "0000000010111101" -
循环
给你一个字符串 data = "我要学习Python编程" ，让你循环字符串中的每个元素。 - while循环+索引 - for循环-
while循环
data = "我要学习Python编程" index = 0 while index < len(data): char = data[index] print(char) index += 1 -
for循环，直接获取。
data = "我要学习Python编程"//字符串 for item in data://for i in data: print(i) print(item)data = [11,22,33,44,55,66]//列表 for item in data: print(item) .. .. ...# range函数作用，帮助你生成一个数字列表。从0开始，前取后不取 v1 = range(5) # [0,1,2,3,4]//0-4 v2 = range(5,10) # [5,6,7,8,9]//5-9 v3 = range(5,10,2) # [5,7,9]//5，7，9 v5 = range(10,0,-1) # [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1]//10-1for item in range(5): # [0,1,2,3,4] print(item) for item in range(5,10): # [5,6,7,8,9] print(item) for item in range(10,0,-1): # [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1] print(item)# 请实现获取字符串中的每个元素并输出。 data = "我要学习Python编程" # 方式1 index = 0 while index < len(data): char = data[index] print(char) index += 1 # 方式2 for item in data: print(item) # 方式3 for idx in range(len(data)): # [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] char = data[idx] print(char)
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练习题
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for循环输出
message = "伤情最是晚凉天，憔悴厮人不堪言"的每一个字符。message = "伤情最是晚凉天，憔悴厮人不堪言" for item in message: print(item) -
for循环+range实现倒序输出
message = "伤情最是晚凉天，憔悴厮人不堪言"中的每一个字符。message = "伤情最是晚凉天，憔悴厮人不堪言" for i in range(len(message)-1, -1, -1): print(message[i]) -
让用户输入输入一段文本，计算输出的文本中 “浪” 出现的次数。
text = input(">>>") count = 0 for item in text: if item == "浪": count += 1 data = "浪出现的次数：{}次".format(count) print(data) -
写代码实现：
- 提示用户输入内容，内容包含：as8dfa9784adfasdf沙发垫
- 将用户输入的内容中的数字提取出来：89784
- 将提取出来的数字转换为整形，再将整型转换为二进制字符串。
- 将二进制的字符串前面的 0b 去除。
- 输出去除0b之后的二进制字符串。
text = input(">>>") # abc11uu98f3 char_list = [] # ["1","1","9","8","3"] for item in text: if item.isdecimal(): char_list.append(item) num_string = "".join(char_list) # "11983" num_int = int(num_string) # 11983 bin_string = bin(num_int) # 0b110101010010101 res = bin_string[2:] print(res)text = input(">>>") # abc11uu98f3 char_list = [] # ["1","1","9","8","3"] for item in text: if item.isdecimal(): char_list.append(item) res = bin(int("".join(char_list)))[2:]//bin(int("".join(char_list)))[2:] print(res) -
查询你自己电脑上的某个目录下的所有文件，判断文件的扩展名是否是：png、PNG，如果是则输出。
import os// #mac系统 # ['WX20201115-092707@2x.png', 'WX20201114-164908@2x.png', 'WX20201114-165144@2x.png', 'demo.py', '.idea'] data_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/gx_day03")//拿到该目录下所有文件夹和文件，并将其文件名放在列表中 for file_name in data_list: print(file_name)//换行 # win import os data_list = os.listdir(r"C:\xx\xx\xx")//拿到该目录下所有文件夹和文件，并将其文件名放在列表中 for file_name in data_list: print(file_name) # "字符串"import os data_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/gx_day03") for file_name in data_list: # print(file_name) # "字符串" if file_name.upper().endswith(".PNG")://文件名变成大写的结尾是否为PNG print(file_name)import os data_list = os.listdir("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/gx_day03") for file_name in data_list: # text = "中国联通" # text[-1] # name_list = ["WX20201115-092707@2x","png"] # name_list[-1] name_list = file_name.split(".") # WX20201115-092707@2x.png if name_list[-1].upper() == "PNG": print(file_name)
2.列表（list）
列表，是一个有序且可变的容器，元素可以是多种不同的数据类型。
2.1 定义
data_list = [ 11, 22, "中国俩通", True]
data = []
data.append(11)
data.append(999)
注意：列表是可变类型，绝大部分的功能都是对原列表操作。
2.2 独有功能
-
追加
data_list = [] data_lista.append(11) data_lista.append("wupeiqi")hobby_list = [] while True: hobby = input("请输入你的爱好：") if hobby.upper() == "Q": break hobby_list.append(hobby)//list.append() -
插入，把数据插入到那个位置。
# 0 1 2 3 user_list = ["陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.insert(1,"孟东珏")//插入到索引为1的地方 print(user_list) # ["陈清", "孟东珏", "李阳金","马其坤","刘东"]user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.insert(0,"孟东珏") user_list.insert(0,"卢慧") user_list.insert(0,"周雪梅") user_list.insert(0,"李柔")# 案例：排队 user_list = [] while True: name = input("请输入姓名：") if name.upper() == "Q": break if name.startswith("刁")://输入名字前有刁放第一位 user_list.insert(0,name) else: user_list.append(name) -
删除（值删除）
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.remove("陈清清")//list.remove(删除元素)，删除从左到右的第一个符合要求的元素 # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] print(user_list)注意：利用remove去删除列表的元素时，如果元素不存在，则会报错。
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] if "陈清清" in user_list: user_list.remove("陈清清")# 抽奖小程序 import random # 1.构造200名员工并存放在列表中。 user_list = [] for i in range(1, 201): name = "工号-{}".format(i) user_list.append(name) # 2.随机抽取1名员工，发奖金20w # 随机去user_list列表中抽取一个数据 data = random.choice(user_list)//randon.choice()随机抽取一个数据 print("获得3等奖的是：", data) # 将用户在列表中删除 user_list.remove(data) # 随机去user_list列表中抽取一个数据 data = random.choice(user_list) print("获得2等奖的是：", data) -
删除（索引位置）
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.pop(1)//根据索引位置删除元素 # ["李柔", "卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] print(user_list)user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.pop()//默认删除尾部元素 # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤"] print(user_list)user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] # 1.在原列表中删除指定索引位置的值 # 2.将刚删除的数据获取到并赋值前面的变量。 data = user_list.pop(1) print(data) # "周雪梅" print(user_list) # ["李柔", "卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"]# 排队买火车票 # 1.排队买票的人 user_queue = [] while True: name = input("上海~北京火车票，购买者姓名(Q/q）：") if name.upper() == "Q": break user_queue.append(name) # 2.放了3张票 for i in range(3): username = user_queue.pop(0) message = "恭喜{}，购买成功".format(username) print(message) # 3.通知其他人，无票，请选择其他出行方式 others = "，".join(user_queue) data = "票已售罄，请以下人员选择其他出行方式：{}".format(others) print(data) -
清空列表
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list.clear()//list.clear() print(user_list) # [] -
列表元素排序
num_list = [11, 22, 8, 12, 99, 231, 1] num_list.sort()//排序，默认从小到大 print(num_list) # [1, 8, 11, 12, 22, 99, 231]num_list = [11, 22, 8, 12, 99, 231, 1] num_list.sort(reverse=True)//从大到小 print(num_list) # [231, 99, 22, 12, 11, 8, 1]中文排序的规则：unicode（了解）
user_list = ["页子", "青青", "韦神", ] user_list.sort() print(user_list) # ['青青', '韦神', '页子']
2.3 公共功能
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长度//列表长度
data_list = [11,22,33,44] res = len(data_list) print(res) # 4 -
索引
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 # ... -2 -1 user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] # 获取值 user_list[0] user_list[2] user_list[ len(user_list)-1 ] user_list[-1] # 修改//列表可以修改，所以利用索引可以修改 user_list[1] = "马冬梅" print(user_list) # ["李柔","马冬梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] # 删除 del user_list[5] print(user_list) # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清",马其坤","刘东"] -
切片
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] # 读取一部分 user_list[0:4] # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏"] user_list[0:-1] # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤"] user_list[2:] # ["卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] user_list[:] # ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] # 修改一部分 user_list = ["李柔", "周雪梅", "卢慧", "孟东珏", "陈清", "李阳金", "马其坤", "刘东"] user_list[0:2] = [11, 22, 33, 44]//二换四 # [11, 22, 33, 44, '卢慧', '孟东珏', '陈清', '李阳金', '马其坤', '刘东'] print(user_list) # 删除 user_list = ["李柔", "周雪梅", "卢慧", "孟东珏", "陈清", "李阳金", "马其坤", "刘东"] del user_list[2:4] # ['李柔', '周雪梅', '陈清', '李阳金', '马其坤', '刘东'] print(user_list) -
for循环
user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] for item in user_list: print(item)user_list = ["李柔","周雪梅","卢慧","孟东珏","陈清","李阳金","马其坤","刘东"] for i in range(len(user_list)): print(i) print( user_list[i] )user_list = ["李柔", "周雪梅", "卢慧", "孟东珏", "陈清", "李阳金", "马其坤", "刘东"] for i in range(len(user_list)): data = "{}-{}".format(i, user_list[i]) print(data)
2.4 嵌套
列表是一个 ”容器“，容器中可以放很多东西。
data_list = [11,22,"武沛齐",["中国联通","中国移动"],666, True]
data_list = [
"梁吉宁",
"赵建先",
'root',
[999,888,777,666],
'admin',
666,
["周杰伦","刘欢","林俊杰","王一博"],
["刘翔","周琦",["姚明","王治郅","巴蒂尔"],"赵继伟"],
]
res = data_list[2].upper()//生成新的值赋给res
print(data_list) # 中的root是小写的。
print(res) # ROOT
# 取值
data_list[1] "赵建先"
data_list[1][-1] "先"
data_list[-1][2][-2] "王治郅"
# 操作
data_list[0] = "李柔"
data_list[3][-1] = "666"
data_list[4][0] = "A" # 报错？ admin-> Admin//报错，字符串无法修改
print(data_list)
# 操作
data_list.append(123)
data_list[-1].append("大侄子")//不会报错，把元素加在"赵继伟"后面
data_list[-1][2].append("大侄子")//"巴蒂尔"后面
# 列表是一个可变类型，列表中的常见功能是对列表本身进行操作。
练习题
-
用户注册，循环提示用户输入用户名和密码，如果输入用户名时 Q、q则终止。
user_list = [ ["用户名A","密码A"] , ["用户名A","密码A"], ["用户名A","密码A"] ]user_list = [] while True: user = input(">>>") if user.uppper() == 'Q': break pwd = input(">>>") item = [ user, pwd ] user_list.append(item) -
循环输出商品信息
goods = [ ["飞机",3000], ["迫击炮",1000], ["AK47",300], ["m6",600], ] for i in range(len(goods)): message = "{} {}".format(i, goods[i][0] ) print(message)# 输出 0 飞机 1 迫击炮 2 AK47 3 m6 -
循环输出商品信息，用户去输入：序号，根据用户输入的序号获取商品信息，并输出，格式如下：
您选择的商品是xx,价格是xx。goods = [ ["飞机", 3000], ["迫击炮", 1000], ["AK47", 300], ["m6", 600], ] # 1.展示商品信息 for i in range(len(goods)): message = "{} {}".format(i, goods[i][0]) print(message) # 2.用户选择 choice = input("请选择：") if choice.isdecimal(): # 整型 choice = int(choice) # 范围 if choice >= 0 and choice < len(goods): data_info = goods[choice] message = "您选择的商品是{},价格是{}。".format(data_info[0], data_info[1]) print(message) else: print("序号输入不合法") else: print("输入必须是整数")goods = [ ["飞机", 3000], ["迫击炮", 1000], ["AK47", 300], ["m6", 600], ] # 1.展示商品信息 for i in range(len(goods)): message = "{} {}".format(i, goods[i][0]) print(message) # 2.用户选择 choice = input("请选择：") if choice.isdecimal(): # 整型 choice = int(choice) # 范围 if 0 <= choice < len(goods): data_info = goods[choice] message = "您选择的商品是{},价格是{}。".format(data_info[0], data_info[1]) print(message) else: print("序号输入不合法") else: print("输入必须是整数") -
现提供给大家一些敏感词
key_list = ["日本","台湾","美国","新疆"]
text = input("请输入评论：")
# 将评论的内容中出现的关键字全部替换成 **
key_list = ["日本","台湾","美国","新疆"]
text = input("请输入评论：") # "你美国和日本人的混血"
for key in key_list:
text = text.replace(key,"**")//替换，replace
print(text)
3.元组
列表，是一个有序且可变的容器，元素可以是多种不同的数据类型。
元组，是一个有序且不可变的容器，元素可以是多种不同的数据类型。
data = []
data.append(11)
data.append(234)
# 定义了一个元组，元组中有三个元素。不能删，不能改，不能添加
data = (11,22,33)
3.1 定义
v1 = (11,22,33)
v2 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐")
v3 = (11,22,True,(55,66), "武沛齐",[11,22,33,44])
元组的个数不能修改；元组的元素也不能被替换成其他的值。
注意：元组中的易错点。
v1 = (11,22) # 正确，元组
v2 = (33,44,) # 正确，元组,逗号可有可无
v3 = (666) # v3 = 666
v4 = (666,) # v4 = 元组，只有一个元素666
如果元组中只有一个元素，如果尾部没有逗号，则他不是元组，而是去除括号后的那个值。
1. 比较一下三个值的区别：
v1 = (1)
v2 = 1
v3 = (1,)
2.比较一下三个值的区别：
v1 = ( (1),(2),(3) )
v2 = ( 1, 2, 3 )
v3 = ( (1,), (2,), (3,) )
3.2 独有功能
无
3.3 公共功能
-
长度
v1 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐") res = len(v1) print(res) # 4 -
索引（只能读取）
v1 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐") v1[0] v1[2] v1[-1] -
切片//一点是拷贝了一份新的值
v1 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐") v2 = v1[1:3] print(v2) # (22,True) v3 = v1[1:] print(v3) # (22,True,"武沛齐") -
for循环
v1 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐") for item in v1: print(item)v1 = (11,22,True,"武沛齐") for i in range(len(v1)): print(i) print( v1[i] )
3.4 嵌套
data = (
11,
22,
True,
("陆梅","吴国锋",[1,2,3,4])
"武沛齐",
["陈清","马其坤","李冉"]
)
data[-2] # ""武沛齐""
data[-3][0] # "陆梅"
data[-3][-1][0] # 1
# 元组的元素不可以被替换，元素个数也不允许修改。
data[0] = 123 # 报错
data[-1] = 666 # 报错
data[-1][0] = "张电摩" # 正确，整体未被替换
练习题
-
先有一个元组，里面存放了了一些数据，例如：
data = ("京A99110","沪B88776","黑A88776",...) # 1.获取所有京牌的车牌并放到一个列表中。 # 2.输出列表；再输出京牌的个数。data = ("京A99110", "沪B88776", "黑A88776", "京A11111","京A111331") result = [] for item in data: if item.startswith("京"): result.append(item) print(result) print(len(result)) -
创建一副扑克牌（不含大小王）
color_list = ["红桃","黑桃","方片","梅花"] # num_list = range(1,14) num_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] # 获取一副扑克牌 # result = [ ("红桃",1),("红桃",2)....,("黑桃",1)..("梅花",13) ]color_list = ["红桃", "黑桃", "方片", "梅花"] num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] result = [] for color in color_list: # print(color) # color="黑桃" for num in num_list: item = (color, num) result.append(item) print(result)
