文章目录
- selenium api
- `webdriver`常用`API`
- `webelement`常用`API`
- 控制浏览器
selenium api
selenium新版本(4.8.2)很多函数，包括元素定位、很多API方法均发生变化，本文记录以selenium4.8.2为准。
webdriver常用API
| 方法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| get(String url) | 访问目标url地址，打开网页 |
| current_url | 获取当前页面url地址 |
| title | 获取页面标题 |
| page_source | 获取页面源代码 |
| close() | 关闭浏览器当前打开的窗口 |
| quit() | 关闭浏览器所有的窗口 |
| find_element(by) | 查找单个元素 |
| find_elements(by) | 查找元素列表，返回一个集合 |
| window_handles | 获取当前窗口句柄 |
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
# 网页标题
print(browser.title)
# 当前网址
print(browser.current_url)
# 浏览器名称
print(browser.name)
# cookie
print(browser.get_cookie)
# 当前窗口句柄
print(browser.window_handles)
# 网页源码
print(browser.page_source)
百度一下，你就知道
https://www.baidu.com/
chrome
<bound method WebDriver.get_cookie of <selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="381859b7996708e36891008a494c290e")>>
['01CD0AD3FA1C37889F3BE65C61160946']
<html style="--bubble-width: 140px; --bubble-padding-left: 164px;"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta content="always" name="referrer"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta name="description" content="全球领先的中文搜索引擎、致力于让网民更便捷地获取信息，找到所求。百度超过千亿的中文网页数据库，可以瞬间找到相关的搜索结果。"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/content-search.xml" title="百度搜索"><link rel="icon" sizes="any" mask="" href="https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//dss0.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//dss1.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ss1.bdstatic.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//sp0.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//sp1.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//sp2.baidu.com"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pss.bdstatic.com"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://psstatic.cdn.bcebos.com/video/wiseindex/aa6eef91f8b5b1a33b454c401_1660835115000.png"><title>百度一下，你就知道</title><style index="newi" type="text/css">#form .bdsug{top:39px}.bdsug{display:none;position:absolute;width:535px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc!important;_overflow:hidden;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed}.bdsug li{width:519px;color:#000;font:14px arial;line-height:25px;padding:0 8px;position:relative;cursor:default}.bdsug li.bdsug-s{background:#f0f0f0}.bdsug-store span,.bdsug-store b{color:#7A77C8}.bdsug-store-del{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-decoration:underline;position:absolute;right:8px;top:0;cursor:pointer;display:none}.bdsug-s .bdsug-store-del{display:inline-block}.bdsug-ala{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.bdsug-ala 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.bdsug-feedback-wrap{display:none}.toggle-underline{text-decoration:none}.toggle-underline:hover{text-decoration:underline}.bdpfmenu,.usermenu{border:1px solid #d1d1d1;position:absolute;width:105px;top:36px;z-index:302;box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1}.bdpfmenu{font-size:12px;background-color:#fff}.bdpfmenu a,.usermenu a{display:block;text-align:left;margin:0!important;padding:0 9px;line-height:26px;text-decoration:none}.briiconsbg{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:300px 18px;background-image:url(https://pss.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/icons_0c37e9b.png);background-image:url(https://pss.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/icons_809ae65.gif)\9}.bdpfmenu a:link,.bdpfmenu a:visited,#u .usermenu a:link,#u .usermenu a:visited{background:#fff;color:#333}.bdpfmenu a:hover,.bdpfmenu a:active,#u .usermenu a:hover,#u .usermenu a:active{background:#38f;text-decoration:none;color:#fff}.bdpfmenu{width:70px}#wrapper .bdnuarrow{width:0;height:0;font-size:0;line-height:0;display:block;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px}#wrapper .bdnuarrow em,#wrapper .bdnuarrow i{width:0;height:0;font-size:0;line-height:0;display:block;position:absolute;border:5px solid transparent;border-style:dashed dashed solid}#wrapper .bdnuarrow em{border-bottom-color:#d8d8d8;top:-1px}#wrapper .bdnuarrow i{border-bottom-color:#fff;top:0}#gxszHead .prefpanelclose{cursor:pointer;width:16px;height:16px;float:right;margin-top:7px;background-position:-248px 0}#gxszHead .prefpanelclose:hover{background-position:-264px 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.bdsug-s{background-color:#F1F3FD!important}#head .s-down #form .bdsug-new{top:32px}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new{border-color:#4569ff!important;border-top:0!important}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper.s-down #form .bdsug-new{border-color:#4e6ef2!important;border-top:0!important}.s-skin-hasbg #head_wrapper.s-down #form.sam_search .bdsug-new{border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;top:54px!important}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s span,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new .bdsug-s b{color:#315EFB}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new>div span:hover,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new>div a:hover{color:#315EFB!important}#head_wrapper #form #kw.new-ipt-focus{border-color:#4e6ef2}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li{}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-orange,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-hot-grey,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li 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4px;font-size:12px;line-height:12px;font-weight:500;text-align:center;border-radius:4px;vertical-align:middle;border-width:1px;border-style:solid}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .sug-tag-img{height:18px;max-width:80px;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap{display:block;height:40px;padding:7px 0;color:#222}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap:visited{color:#222}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img-wrap{position:relative}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img-wrap::before{content:"";width:38px;height:38px;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;left:0;bottom:0;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);border-radius:9px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .left-img{box-sizing:border-box;float:left;width:40px;height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);border-radius:9px;margin-right:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .content{float:left}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .header{margin-bottom:6px;line-height:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:middle}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .name{float:left;font-size:18px;color:#222;font-weight:500}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .tag-img{width:18px;margin-left:4px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .more{line-height:14px;width:240px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .brief,#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .info{font-size:14px;color:#222;font-weight:400}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .brief{margin-right:6px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .right-btn{float:right;margin-top:5px;margin-right:6px;width:60px;height:24px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;color:#36F;line-height:24px;background-image:linear-gradient(111deg,#e8f7ff 0,#edf0ff 100%);border-radius:12px}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li .direct-sug-wrap .right-btn:hover{background:#315efb;color:#fff}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li:hover .direct-sug-wrap .name{color:#315EFB}#head_wrapper #form .bdsug-new ul li:hover .direct-sug-wrap .brief{color:#222}#head_wrapper.s-down #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new{top:52px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new{width:100%;box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.05)!important;border-radius:12px;top:56px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul{border:0;padding:0 0 7px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul li{line-height:32px}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new ul .bdsug-s{background-color:#F1F3FD!important}#head_wrapper #form .sam-bdsug.bdsug-new .bdsug-store-del{right:15px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu{z-index:1;display:none;position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-12px;font-size:24px;color:#4E6EF2;height:24px;line-height:24px;width:24px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transition:transform .3s ease}.sam_search .sam_search_rec{right:54px}.sam_search .sam_search_soutu{right:14px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec:hover,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu:hover{color:#1D4FFF!important;transform:scale(1.08,1.08)}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover{background:#626675;border-radius:8px;height:32px;width:76px;text-align:center;line-height:32px;font-size:13px;color:#FFF;position:absolute;z-index:2;top:50px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover:before,.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover:before{content:'';border:4px solid transparent;border-bottom:4px solid #626675;position:absolute;left:50%;top:-8px;margin-left:-4px}.sam_search .sam_search_rec_hover{right:29px}.sam_search .sam_search_soutu_hover{display:none;right:-12px}</style><style type="text/css" index="superbase">blockquote,body,button,dd,dl,dt,fieldset,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,input,legend,li,ol,p,pre,td,textarea,th,ul{margin:0;padding:0}
html{color:#000;overflow-y:scroll;overflow:-moz-scrollbars}
body,button,input,select,textarea{font-size:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:100%}
em{font-style:normal}
small{font-size:12px}
ol,ul{list-style:none}
a{text-decoration:none}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
legend{color:#000}
fieldset,img{border:0}
button,input,select,textarea{font-size:100%}
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
textarea{resize:vertical}
.left{float:left}
.right{float:right}
.overflow{overflow:hidden}
.hide{display:none}
.block{display:block}
与之前的函数名称相比，函数前面的get都被去掉，然后函数的命名方法也从驼峰命名法变为python常用的下划线命名法。
webelement常用API
通过 WebElement 实现与网站页面上元素的交互，这些元素包含文本框、文本域、按钮、单选框、div等。
| 方法 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| click() | 对元素进行点击 |
| clear() | 清空内容（如文本框内容） |
| send_keys() | 写入内容与模拟按键操作 |
| is_displayed() | 元素是否可见（true:可见） |
| is_enabled | 元素是否启用 |
| is_selected() | 元素是否已选择 |
| tag_name | 获取元素标签名 |
| get_attritube() | 获取元素对应的属性值 |
| text | 获取元素文本值（可见状态下才能获取到） |
| submit() | 表单提交 |
- 代码示例
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.51bmj.cn/policyNotice/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82/1/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0'
driver.get(url)
xpath = '//*[@id="__layout"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a'
print(xpath)
element = driver.find_element(by = By.XPATH, value=xpath)
# is_displayed 是否可见
print(element.is_displayed())
# is_enabled 是否启用
print(element.is_enabled())
# is_selected 是否选择
print(element.is_selected())
# name 元素标签名
print(element.tag_name)
# get_attritube 获取元素属性名
print(element.get_attribute('href'))
# text 获取元素文本值
print(element.text)
//*[@id="__layout"]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/a
False
True
False
a
https://51bmj.cn/inform/3247500
控制浏览器
- 代码示例
from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
# 设置浏览器全屏
browser.maximize_window()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(2)
# 打开淘宝页面
browser.get('https://www.bilibili.com/')
time.sleep(2)
# 后退到百度页面
browser.back()
time.sleep(2)
# 前进的淘宝页面
browser.forward()
time.sleep(2)
# 关闭浏览器
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://bootapi.51bmj.cn/bmj-api/api/es/Policy/queryPolicyList.json?domain=undefined'
# 设置浏览器大小：全屏
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://www.51bmj.cn/policyNotice/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82/1/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0')
#time.sleep(2)
# 设置分辨率 500*500
driver.set_window_size(500,500)
# 关闭浏览器
#driver.close()
