完整版生产者代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXLEN 10
#define ALPHABET 1
#define ALPHABET_START 'a'
#define COUNT_OF_ALPHABET 26
#define DIGIT 2
#define DIGIT_START '0'
#define COUNT_OF_DIGIT 10
#define SIGN_TYPE ALPHABET
const char * fifo_file = "./FIFO.txt";
char buf[MAXLEN];
int lock_set(int fd, int type){
struct flock old_lock, lock;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET; //加锁区域为文件开始处
lock.l_start = 0;//加锁区域在文件位置的相对偏移量
lock.l_len = 0;//加锁区域长度
lock.l_type = type;//锁的类型
lock.l_pid = -1;
fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &lock);//写入
if(lock.l_type != F_UNLCK){//若未解锁
if(lock.l_type == F_RDLCK){//读取锁
printf("Read lock already set by %d\n", lock.l_pid);
}
else if(lock.l_type == F_WRLCK){
printf("Write lock already set by %d\n", lock.l_pid);
}
}
/*上述可能由于不是解锁状态l_type被设置成了相应的锁值下方进行上锁操作时要再次调用type*/
lock.l_type = type;
if((fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lock)) < 0){//上锁失败
printf("Lock failed:type = %d\n", lock.l_type);
return -1;
}
switch(lock.l_type){
case F_RDLCK:
printf("Read lock set by %d\n", getpid());//获取当前进程的ID
break;
case F_WRLCK:
printf("Write lock set by %d\n", getpid());
break;
case F_UNLCK:
printf("Release lock by %d\n", getpid());//解锁返回1
return 1;
break;
}
return 0;//上锁返回0
}
int product(void){
int fd;
unsigned int sign_type, sign_start, sign_count, size;
static unsigned int counter = 0;//只会执行一次
if((fd = open(fifo_file, O_WRONLY|O_APPEND)) < 0){//只写方式打开 ,追加模式
perror("open error");
return -1;
}
sign_type = SIGN_TYPE;//英文字符集合
switch(sign_type){
case ALPHABET:
sign_start = ALPHABEF_START;
sign_count = COUNT_OF_ALPHABET;//26
break;
case DIGIT:
sign_start = DIGIT_START;
sign_count = COUNT_OF_DIGIT;
break;
default:
return -1;
}
sprintf(buf, "%c", (sign_start + counter));//将字符写入buf缓冲区
counter = (counter + 1) % sign_count;
lock_set(fd, F_WRLCK);//写锁
if((size = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf))) < 0){//打开失败,否者写入
perror("producer:write error");
return -1;
}
lock_set(fd, F_UNLCK);//解锁
close(fd);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]){
int time_step = 1;//周期
int time_life = 10;//生产数量
close(open(fifo_file, O_REONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0664));//创建文件
if(argc > 1){
sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &time_step);//将argv[1]转成整数存入time_step中
}
if(argc > 2){
sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &time_life);
}
while(time_life --){
if(product() < 0){
break;
}
sleep(time_step);
}
return 0;
}
流程:
原版代码有点缺失和问题,添加的代码如下:
原版代码缺少创建文件函数,以及没有对文件清空的函数
每次启动一轮生产,为了方便观察将文件上次生产的内容清空:
close(open(fifo_file, O_REONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0664));//创建文件&清空
文件打开模式必须是追加模式,否则生产的新数据会覆盖原有数据:
if((fd = open(fifo_file, O_WRONLY|O_APPEND)) < 0)
运行效果:
FIFO.txt文件上次运行时残留有数据
生产五个数据:
文件之前生产信息被清除,取而代之的是新数据:
完整版消费者代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_FILE_SIZE 100 * 1024 * 102
const char *fifo_file = "./FIFO.txt";
const char *temp_file = "./temp";
int lock_set(int fd, int type){
struct flock old_lock, lock;
lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET; //加锁区域为文件开始处
lock.l_start = 0;//加锁区域在文件位置的相对偏移量
lock.l_len = 0;//加锁区域长度
lock.l_type = type;//锁的类型
lock.l_pid = -1;
fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &lock);//写入
if(lock.l_type != F_UNLCK){//若未解锁
if(lock.l_type == F_RDLCK){//读取锁
printf("Read lock already set by %d\n", lock.l_pid);
}
else if(lock.l_type == F_WRLCK){
printf("Write lock already set by %d\n", lock.l_pid);
}
}
/*上述可能由于不是解锁状态l_type被设置成了相应的锁值下方进行上锁操作时要再次调用type*/
lock.l_type = type;
if((fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lock)) < 0){//上锁失败
printf("Lock failed:type = %d\n", lock.l_type);
return -1;
}
switch(lock.l_type){
case F_RDLCK:
printf("Read lock set by %d\n", getpid());//获取当前进程的ID
break;
case F_WRLCK:
printf("Write lock set by %d\n", getpid());
break;
case F_UNLCK:
printf("Release lock by %d\n", getpid());//解锁返回1
return 1;
break;
}
return 0;//上锁返回0
}
int customing(const char * myfifo, int need){
int fd;
char buf;
int counter = 0;
if((fd = open(myfifo, O_RDONLY)) < 0){//只读
perror("FunctI/On customing error");
return -1;
}
printf("Enjoy:");
lseek(fd, SEEK_SET, 0);
while(counter < need){
while((read(fd, &buf, 1) == 1) && (counter < need)){//read期望读取的字符数与实际所读一样&&....
fputc(buf, stdout);//打印到显示屏
counter ++;
}
}
fputs("\n", stdout);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
int myfilecopy(const char * sour_file, const char * dest_file, int offset, int count, int copy_mode){
int in_file, out_file;
int counter = 0;
char buff_unit;
if((in_file = open(sour_file, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) < 0){//非阻塞只读
perror("FunctI/On my filecopy error int source file\n");
return -1;
}
if((out_file = open(dest_file, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_NONBLOCK, 0664)) < 0){//非阻塞&打开或创建
perror("FUNCTI/O myfilecopy error in destinatI/on file");
return -1;
}
lseek(in_file, offset, SEEK_SET);//设置指针到指定位置
while((read(in_file, &buff_unit, 1) == 1) && (counter < count)){//读取
write(out_file, &buff_unit, 1);//写入
counter ++;
}
close(in_file);
close(out_file);
return 0;
}
int custom(int need){
int fd;
customing(fifo_file, need);//取
if((fd = open(fifo_file, O_RDWR)) < 0){//读写方式打开
perror("FunctI/On myfilecopy error in source_file");
return -1;
}
lock_set(fd, F_WRLCK);//上锁,写入锁
myfilecopy(fifo_file, temp_file, need, MAX_FILE_SIZE, 0);//将第一个文件内容复制到另一个文件,偏移>
myfilecopy(temp_file, fifo_file, 0, MAX_FILE_SIZE, 0);
lock_set(fd, F_UNLCK);//解锁
unlink(temp_file);//删除
close(fd);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]){
int customer_capacity = 0;
if(argc > 1){
sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &customer_capacity);//消费数目写入
}
if(customer_capacity > 0){
custom(customer_capacity);
}
return 0;
}
这里对open函数进行再次扩充讲解:
当文件被一个进程植入写入锁的时候,另一个进程仍可以通过open函数获取该文件的标志位,但却不能进行read或write函数操作,因为会受到写入锁的阻止
朴素的将写入锁是阻止其他进程对文件的读写操作,而不是open操作
之前一直不理解为什么下列语句不会报错,通过用printf函数取点才发现问题
if((fd = open(myfifo, O_RDONLY)) < 0){//只读
perror("FunctI/On customing error");
return -1;
}
看来看课本和懂课本是天差地别的
还有一点注意的是:
生产者代码中的:
while(time_life --){
if(product() < 0){
break;
}
sleep(time_step);
}
其中:
sleep(time_step);
这个延时语句作用巨大:
lock_set(fd, F_WRLCK);//上锁,写入锁
myfilecopy(fifo_file, temp_file, need, MAX_FILE_SIZE, 0);//将第一个文件内容复制到另一个文件,偏移>
myfilecopy(temp_file, fifo_file, 0, MAX_FILE_SIZE, 0);
lock_set(fd, F_UNLCK);//解锁
其作用是为了让消费者中这个文件挪动语句能有时间完成
例如文件中生产abc,消费a,所以挪位后为abc
效果:
已生产五个字符:
消费四个:
最后剩一个:
同时进行如下: