用了那么久的Upload组件,你知道是怎么实现的么,今天就来仿写一个饿了么el-upload vue组件,彻底搞懂前端的文件上传相关知识!
要实现的props
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
action | 必选参数,上传的地址 |
headers | 设置上传的请求头部 |
multiple | 是否支持多选文件 |
data | 上传时附带的额外参数 |
name | 上传的文件字段名 |
with-credentials | 支持发送 cookie 凭证信息 |
show-file-list | 是否显示已上传文件列表 |
drag | 是否启用拖拽上传 |
accept | 接受上传的文件类型 |
on-preview | 点击文件列表中已上传的文件时的钩子 |
on-remove | 文件列表移除文件时的钩子 |
on-success | 文件上传成功时的钩子 |
on-error | 文件上传失败时的钩子 |
on-progress | 文件上传时的钩子 |
on-change | 添加文件时被调用 |
before-upload | 上传文件之前的钩子,参数为上传的文件,若返回 false 或者返回 Promise 且被 reject,则停止上传。 |
before-remove | 删除文件之前的钩子,参数为上传的文件和文件列表,若返回 false 或者返回 Promise 且被 reject,则停止删除。 |
list-type | 文件列表的类型 |
auto-upload | 是否在选取文件后立即进行上传 |
file-list | 上传的文件列表, 例如: [{name: ‘food.jpg’, url: ‘https://xxx.cdn.com/xxx.jpg’}] |
limit | 最大允许上传个数 |
on-exceed | 文件超出个数限制时的钩子 |
参考:https://element.eleme.cn/#/zh-CN/component/upload
这里面有几个重要的点:
- input file 的美化
- 多选
- 拖拽
一个个实现
创建upload组件文件
src/components/upload/index.vue
<template></template>
<script setup>
// 属性太多,把props单独放一个文件引入进来
import property from './props'
const props = defineProps(property)
</script>
<style></style>
./props.js
export default {
action: {
type: String
},
headers: {
type: Object,
default: {}
},
multiple: {
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
data: {
type: Object,
default: {}
},
name: {
type: String,
default: 'file'
},
'with-credentials': {
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
'show-file-list': {
type: Boolean,
default: true,
},
drag: {
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
accept: {
type: String,
default: ''
},
'list-type': {
type: String,
default: 'text' // text、picture、picture-card
},
'auto-upload': {
type: Boolean,
default: true
},
'file-list': {
type: Array,
default: []
},
disabled: {
type: Boolean,
default: false
},
limit: {
type: Number,
default: Infinity
},
'before-upload': {
type: Function,
default: () => {
return true
}
},
'before-remove': {
type: Function,
default: () => {
return true
}
}
具体的编写upload组件代码
1. 文件上传按钮的样式
我们都知道,<input type="file">
的默认样式是这样的:
很丑,并且无法改变其样式。
解决办法:可以把input隐藏,重新写个按钮点击来触发input的文件选择。
<template>
<input
type="file"
id="file"
@change="handleChange"
>
<button
class="upload-btn"
@click="choose"
>
点击上传
</button>
</template>
<script setup>
// 触发选择文件
const choose = () => {
document.querySelector('#file').click()
}
// input选择文件回调
const handleChange = (event) => {
files = Array.from(event.target.files)
console.log('[ files ] >', files)
}
</script>
<style scoped>
#file {
display: none;
}
.upload-btn {
border: none;
background-color: #07c160;
color: #fff;
padding: 6px 10px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
效果:
这样也是可以调起文件选择框,并触发input的onchange
事件。
2. 多选
直接在input上加一个Booelan属性multiple,根据props中的值动态设置
顺便把accept属性也加上
<template>
<input
type="file"
id="file"
:multiple="multiple"
:accept="accept"
@change="handleChange"
>
</template>
3. 拖拽
准备一个接收拖拽文件的区域,props传drag=true
就用拖拽,否则就使用input上传。
<template>
<input
type="file"
id="file"
:multiple="multiple"
:accept="accept"
@change="handleChange"
>
<button
class="upload-btn"
v-if="!drag"
@click="choose"
>
点击上传
</button>
<div
v-else
class="drag-box"
@dragover="handleDragOver"
@dragleave="handleDragLeave"
@drop="handleDrop"
@click="choose"
:class="{'dragging': isDragging}"
>
将文件拖到此处,或<span>点击上传</span>
</div>
</template>
dragging用来拖拽鼠标进入时改变样式
<script setup>
const isDragging = ref(false)
// 拖放进入目标区域
const handleDragOver = (event) => {
event.preventDefault()
isDragging.value = true
}
const handleDragLeave = (event) => {
isDragging.value = false
}
let files = []
// 拖拽放置
const handleDrop = (event) => {
event.preventDefault()
isDragging.value = false
files = Array.from(event.dataTransfer.files);
console.log(files);
}
</script>
.drag-box {
width: 240px;
height: 150px;
line-height: 150px;
text-align: center;
border: 1px dashed #ddd;
cursor: pointer;
border-radius: 8px;
}
.drag-box:hover {
border-color: cornflowerblue;
}
.drag-box.dragging {
background-color: rgb(131, 161, 216, .2);
border-color: cornflowerblue;
}
.drag-box span {
color: cornflowerblue;
}
跟使用input上传效果一样
4. 上传到服务器
并实现on-xxx
钩子函数
const emit = defineEmits()
const fileList = ref([])
let files = []
// 拖拽放置
const handleDrop = (event) => {
event.preventDefault()
isDragging.value = false
files = Array.from(event.dataTransfer.files);
console.log('[ files ] >', files)
handleBeforeUpload(files)
}
// input选择文件回调
const handleChange = (event) => {
files = Array.from(event.target.files)
console.log('[ files ] >', files)
handleBeforeUpload(files)
}
const handleBeforeUpload = (files) => {
if (files.length > props.limit - fileList.value.length) {
console.error(`当前限制选择 ${props.limit} 个文件,本次选择了 ${files.length} 个文件,共选择了 ${files.length + fileList.value.length} 个文件`)
emit('on-exceed', files, toRaw(fileList.value))
return
}
// 可以把锁哥文件放到一个formData中一起上传,
// 遍历文件一个个上传,这里一个个上传是为了实现钩子函数回调时返回对应的file对象。
files.forEach(async file => {
emit('on-change', file, files)
if (!props.beforeUpload()) {
return
}
if (props.autoUpload) {
uploadRequest(file, files)
}
})
}
// 手动上传已选择的文件
const submit = () => {
files.forEach(async file => {
uploadRequest(file, files)
})
}
// 保存xhr对象,用于后面取消上传
let xhrs = []
const uploadRequest = async (file, files) => {
let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 调用open函数,指定请求类型与url地址。请求类型必须为POST
xhr.open('POST', props.action);
// 设置自定义请求头
Object.keys(props.headers).forEach(k => {
xhr.setRequestHeader(k, props.headers[k])
})
// 额外参数
const formData = new FormData()
formData.append('file', file);
Object.keys(props.data).forEach(k => {
formData.append(k, props.data[k]);
})
// 携带cookie
xhr.withCredentials = props.withCredentials
xhr.upload.onprogress = (e) => {
emit('on-progress', e, file, files)
}
// 监听状态
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
const res = JSON.parse(xhr.response)
const fileObj = {
name: file.name,
percentage: 100,
raw: file,
response: res,
status: 'success',
size: file.size,
uid: file.uid,
}
fileList.value.push(fileObj)
if (xhr.status === 200 || xhr.status === 201) {
emit('on-success', res, fileObj, toRaw(fileList.value))
} else {
emit('on-error', res, fileObj, toRaw(fileList.value))
}
}
}
// 发起请求
xhr.send(formData);
xhrs.push({
xhr,
file
})
}
const preview = (file) => {
emit('on-preview', file)
}
const remove = (file, index) => {
if (!props.beforeRemove()) {
return
}
fileList.value.splice(index, 1)
emit('on-remove', file, fileList.value)
}
// 取消上传
const abort = (file) => {
// 通过file对象找到对应的xhr对象,然后调用abort
// xhr.abort()
}
defineExpose({
abort,
submit
})
全部代码
<template>
<input
type="file"
id="file"
:multiple="multiple"
:accept="accept"
@change="handleChange"
>
<button class="upload-btn" v-if="!drag" @click="choose">
点击上传
</button>
<div
v-else
class="drag-box"
@dragover="handleDragOver"
@dragleave="handleDragLeave"
@drop="handleDrop"
@click="choose"
:class="{'dragging': isDragging}"
>
将文件拖到此处,或<span>点击上传</span>
</div>
<template v-if="showFileList">
<template v-if="listType === 'text'">
<p class="file-item" v-for="(file, index) in fileList" :key="index" @click="preview(file)">
<span>{{file.name}}</span>
<span class="remove" @click.stop="remove(file, index)">×</span>
</p>
</template>
</template>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref, toRaw, onMounted } from 'vue'
import property from './props'
const props = defineProps(property)
const emit = defineEmits()
const fileList = ref([])
const isDragging = ref(false)
// 触发选择文件
const choose = () => {
document.querySelector('#file').click()
}
// 拖放进入目标区域
const handleDragOver = (event) => {
event.preventDefault()
isDragging.value = true
}
const handleDragLeave = (event) => {
isDragging.value = false
}
let files = []
// 拖拽放置
const handleDrop = (event) => {
event.preventDefault()
isDragging.value = false
files = Array.from(event.dataTransfer.files);
console.log('[ files ] >', files)
handleBeforeUpload(files)
}
// input选择文件回调
const handleChange = (event) => {
files = Array.from(event.target.files)
console.log('[ files ] >', files)
handleBeforeUpload(files)
}
const handleBeforeUpload = (files) => {
if (files.length > props.limit - fileList.value.length) {
console.error(`当前限制选择 ${props.limit} 个文件,本次选择了 ${files.length} 个文件,共选择了 ${files.length + fileList.value.length} 个文件`)
emit('on-exceed', files, toRaw(fileList.value))
return
}
files.forEach(async file => {
emit('on-change', file, files)
if (!props.beforeUpload()) {
return
}
if (props.autoUpload) {
uploadRequest(file, files)
}
})
}
// 手动上传已选择的文件
const submit = () => {
files.forEach(async file => {
uploadRequest(file, files)
})
}
let xhrs = []
const uploadRequest = async (file, files) => {
let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 调用open函数,指定请求类型与url地址。请求类型必须为POST
xhr.open('POST', props.action);
// 设置自定义请求头
Object.keys(props.headers).forEach(k => {
xhr.setRequestHeader(k, props.headers[k])
})
// 额外参数
const formData = new FormData()
formData.append('file', file);
Object.keys(props.data).forEach(k => {
formData.append(k, props.data[k]);
})
// 携带cookie
xhr.withCredentials = props.withCredentials
xhr.upload.onprogress = (e) => {
emit('on-progress', e, file, files)
}
// 监听状态
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
const res = JSON.parse(xhr.response)
const fileObj = {
name: file.name,
percentage: 100,
raw: file,
response: res,
status: 'success',
size: file.size,
uid: file.uid,
}
fileList.value.push(fileObj)
if (xhr.status === 200 || xhr.status === 201) {
emit('on-success', res, fileObj, toRaw(fileList.value))
} else {
emit('on-error', res, fileObj, toRaw(fileList.value))
}
}
}
// 发起请求
xhr.send(formData);
xhrs.push({
xhr,
file
})
}
const preview = (file) => {
emit('on-preview', file)
}
const remove = (file, index) => {
if (!props.beforeRemove()) {
return
}
fileList.value.splice(index, 1)
emit('on-remove', file, fileList.value)
}
// 取消上传
const abort = (file) => {
// 通过file对象找到对应的xhr对象,然后调用abort
// xhr.abort()
}
defineExpose({
abort,
submit
})
</script>
<style scoped>
#file {
display: none;
}
.upload-btn {
border: none;
background-color: #07c160;
color: #fff;
padding: 6px 10px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.drag-box {
width: 240px;
height: 150px;
line-height: 150px;
text-align: center;
border: 1px dashed #ddd;
cursor: pointer;
border-radius: 8px;
}
.drag-box:hover {
border-color: cornflowerblue;
}
.drag-box.dragging {
background-color: rgb(131, 161, 216, .2);
border-color: cornflowerblue;
}
.drag-box span {
color: cornflowerblue;
}
.file-item {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
margin-top: 12px;
padding: 0 8px;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.file-item:hover {
background-color: #f5f5f5;
color: cornflowerblue;
}
.file-item .remove {
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>